Method for preparing a beverage or food liquid and system using brewing centrifugal force

ABSTRACT

A capsule, device, system and method for preparing a liquid food or beverage. The capsule comprises an enclosure containing one or more extractable or infusible ingredients and configured and dimensioned to have a perimeter and be radially symmetrical about a central axis to facilitate rotation; and an opening arrangement that allows liquid food to leave the capsule after passing through the ingredient(s), wherein the opening arrangement is configured and positioned near or upon the perimeter of the enclosure to allow the liquid food to leave the capsule radially due to the application of the centrifugal forces. The method and device introduce liquid into the capsule to form the liquid food while applying centrifugal forces to the capsule to urge the liquid to pass through the ingredient(s).

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a capsule, device, system and methodfor preparing a beverage or food liquid from a food substance which isbrewed or extracted by using centrifugal forces exerted on a capsulewhich contains the substance.

BACKGROUND

It is known to prepare beverages wherein a mixture consisting of brewedcoffee and coffee powder is separated with centrifugal forces. Such amixture is obtained by bringing hot water and coffee powder together fora defined time. The water is then forced through a screen, on whichscreen powder material is present.

Existing systems consist of placing the coffee powder in a receptaclewhich is usually a non-removable part of a machine such as in EP0367600B1. Such devices have many disadvantages. Firstly, the coffeepowder must be properly dosed manually in the receptacle. Secondly, thecentrifuged coffee waste becomes dry and it must be removed by scrapingthe surface of the receptacle. As a result, the coffee preparationrequires a lot of manual handling and is so very time consuming. Usuallycoffee freshness can also vary a lot and this can impact on the cupquality because coffee comes generally from bulk package or coffee isground from beans in the receptacle itself. Also, depending on themanual dosage of coffee and the brewing conditions (e.g., centrifugalspeed, receptacle size) the cup quality can vary a lot. Therefore, thesesystems have never reached an important commercial success.

EP1208782A1 relates to a device for preparing coffee beverages fromcapsules of different dimensions. The volume of the capsules is obtainedby extending the body of the capsule at its open side thus creatingcapsules of different larger diameters. As a result, the capsuleadaptation in the device is complex and requires moving elements toensure proper tightness. In a centrifuge device, this would createwearing between the device after a certain period of use and wouldcreate vibrations when the capsule is centrifuged.

In a centrifugal system, an additional risk exists to create vibrationsif the capsules are not properly supported in the centrifugal device.For a set of capsules presenting different volumes and containingdifferent amounts of ingredient, there is an increased risk of unbalanceand, consequently a risk of producing vibrations. The brewing device canmove when it vibrates and it may generate a very important noise.Furthermore, a lack of support in the capsule holder can causedeformation of the capsule during centrifugation and create potentialfailure of the container, in particular, for plastic capsules.Therefore, there is a need for providing a capsule system that is ableto deliver conveniently a wider variety of beverages, in particularcoffees having different characteristics (taste, crema, etc.) in thecentrifuge brewing device.

DE 102005007852 discloses a machine comprising a removable holder intowhich an open cup-shaped part of the receptacle is placed; the otherpart or lid being attached to a driving axis of the machine. However,one disadvantage is the intensive manual handling. Another disadvantageis the difficulty to control quality of the coffee due to a lack ofcontrol for the dosing of the powder and a lack of control of thefreshness of the coffee powder.

Other devices for brewing coffee by centrifuge forces are described inWO 2006/112691; FR2624364; GB2253336; FR2686007; EP0749713; DE4240429;EP0651963; FR2726988; DE4439252; FR2132310; FR2513106; FR2487661;DE3529053.

However, the effect of centrifugal forces to brew coffee or other foodsubstances presents many advantages compared to normal type brewingmethods using high pressure pumps. For example, in “espresso” coffeetype brewing methods, it is very difficult to master all the parameterswhich influence the quality of extraction of the delivered coffeeextract. These parameters are typically the pressure, the flow ratewhich decreases with the pressure, the compaction of the coffee powderwhich also influences the flow characteristics and which depends on thecoffee ground particle size, the temperature, the water flowdistribution and so on.

Therefore, there is a need for proposing a new extraction process and acapsule adapted therefore for which the extraction parameters can bebetter and more independently controlled and therefore can be bettermastered for controlling quality of the final brewed beverage or foodliquid product.

There is also a need for providing a system capable of brewing differentkinds of beverages, in particular, coffee beverages, for example,espresso, filter coffee or café latte, while adjusting the brewingcharacteristics of each beverage so that the optimum beverage can beobtained. In particular, there is a need for a versatile system whichprovides an easy, simple way of controlling the brewing parameters, inparticular, the brewing pressure range on the bed of substance.

At the same time, there is a need for a way of preparing a beverage orfood liquid which is more convenient compared to the prior artcentrifugal coffee preparing devices and which provides a better in-cupquality with a higher control of important quality parameters such asfreshness and accurate dosage of the substance in the receptacle.

The present invention now satisfies these needs and provides novelcapsules, devices, systems and method of use for centrifugally preparingbeverages or other food liquid products.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a capsule, device, system and method forpreparing a liquid food or beverage. The capsule comprises an enclosurecontaining one or more extractable or infusible ingredients andconfigured and dimensioned to have a perimeter and be radiallysymmetrical about a central axis to facilitate rotation; and an openingmeans or arrangement that allows liquid food to leave the capsule afterpassing through the ingredient(s), wherein the opening means orarrangement is configured and positioned near or upon the perimeter ofthe enclosure to allow the liquid food to leave the capsule radially dueto the application of the centrifugal forces. The method and deviceintroduce liquid into the capsule to form the liquid food while applyingcentrifugal forces to the capsule to urge the liquid to pass through theingredient(s).

The enclosure generally includes a top, bottom and side wall and theopening means or arrangement comprising one or more outlet openingslocated in the top or the side wall near or upon the perimeter of theenclosure, with the opening(s) either being (a) initially present in theenclosure along with a gas-tight covering or (b) formed by centrifugalforces during preparation of the liquid food after injection of theliquid into the capsule by movement of the liquid food to exert aflexure on at least one deflectable portion of the capsule, with thedeflectable portion including an elastic lip acting in closure on theside wall of the capsule or inserted in a peripheral cavity of theenclosure.

The enclosure advantageously has a flared design with a widening sidewall located between top and bottom walls, and an outer surface orstructure for engaging external rotational driving means of acentrifugal device with the outer surface or structure configured tooffer resistance to torque during rotation of the capsule or forfrictionally engaging or receiving a complementary surface or structureof the driving means to enable the driving means to rotate the capsule,and the opening means or arrangement comprises a series of spaced radialoutlets positioned or created at or close to the largest perimeter ofthe flared design of the enclosure. The enclosure can instead have aflared design with a widening side wall located between top and bottomwalls and with capsule further comprising a collecting cavity forreceiving the prepared liquid food with the cavity positioned adjacentto the largest perimeter of the flared design of the enclosure, and afilter part separating the extractable or infusible ingredient(s) andthe collecting cavity food with the filter part optionally spaced fromthe top wall by a gap.

The capsule may further include an injection tubular portion having awater inlet on a top surface of the capsule and a water outletcommunicating internally in the capsule, wherein the water outlet isclose to or in contact with the bottom of the capsule. The extractableor infusible ingredient(s) are typically provided in the form ofparticles, with the opening means or arrangement comprising a porousmaterial or a series of slits slots or holes distributed substantiallyevenly around the enclosure with the porous material, slits, slots orholes having open dimensions that are smaller than the particles of theextractable or infusible ingredient(s). When the opening means orarrangement provides access to the interior of the cavity prior to use,the capsule further comprises a sealing membrane or foil covering theopening means or arrangement to make the capsule gas-tight before usewith the sealing membrane or foil being peelable or puncturable by apiercing member for injecting liquid into the capsule.

In preferred embodiments, the enclosure may include at least oneperipheral recess that forms a collector for liquid food passing throughthe opening means or arrangement, wherein the collecting recess extendsaround the perimeter of the enclosure at its greatest circumference. Theopening means or arrangement may include flow restriction meanscomprising outlet openings of less than 200 microns for providing apressure drop of at least 0.5 to 6 bar of relative pressure during thecentrifugal rotation of the capsule to enable the liquid to have ahigher residence time in contact with the extractable or infusibleingredient(s) in the capsule.

The enclosure is typically thermoformed of a food grade plastic andincludes a top wall or lid that includes at least one inlet portdefining a passage for receiving a liquid that is to be introduced intothe capsule, with the inlet port aligned with the central axis of thecapsule, wherein the liquid to be injected into the capsule is water andwherein the extractable or infusible ingredient(s) is ground coffee,soluble coffee, a dairy based powder, a dairy or non-dairy creamer,cocoa, a sweetener, leaf tea, herbal tea, a culinary powder, a solubleor dispersible nutritional composition, a liquid food concentrate orcombinations thereof.

The device of the invention conveniently prepares the liquid food fromany of the capsules disclosed herein that contain one or moreextractable or infusible ingredients. The device comprises means forreceiving the capsule; means for introducing a liquid into the capsule;and means for centrifugally rotating the capsule about an axis ofrotation. The capsule receiving means positions and references thecapsule in a removable manner in the device and in an operationalrelationship with the liquid introducing means with the central axis ofthe capsule in alignment with the axis of rotation of the centrifugalrotating means such that upon introduction of the liquid, thecentrifugal rotation of the capsule urges the liquid to flow through theingredient(s) in a radial or centrifugal flow path to prepare the liquidfood.

The liquid introducing means preferably comprises at least one needlefor injecting liquid into the capsule at or near its central axis andthe receiving means comprises a capsule holder associated with thecentrifugal rotating means for allowing the capsule to be rotated aroundits central axis at a centrifugal speed of at least 500 rpm. The devicemay further include means for piercing the capsule to allow the liquidfood to exit the capsule with the capsule piercing means radiallypositioned with respect to the axis of rotation of the capsule in thedevice and comprising a series of needles positioned in a circularpattern and arranged in relation to the capsule to pierce radial holesin the capsule.

The device advantageously includes a control unit adapted to vary thespeed of the centrifugal rotation means for rotating the capsule at atleast two different centrifugal speeds to provide different centrifugalpressures of water in the capsule, wherein the liquid introducing meansis operatively associated with a pump and injection tube connected to areservoir for injection of the liquid into the capsule under the effectof rotational momentum. The centrifugal rotating means generallycomprises an electrical motor and drive shaft operatively associatedwith the capsule holder for rotating the capsule holder about the axisof rotation. If desired, the device can include a collector forcollecting the liquid food, the collector including a by-pass conduitarranged to add water into the collector without passing into thecapsule.

The device itself, rather than the capsule, can include flow restrictionmeans arranged in the flow path of the liquid food for providing apressure drop of at least 0.5 to 6 bar of relative pressure during thecentrifugal rotation of the capsule to enable the liquid to have ahigher residence time in contact with the extractable or infusibleingredient(s) in the capsule. The flow restriction means generallycomprises a valve which is arranged in the flow path adjacent an outletof the capsule, wherein the valve makes, opens or enlarges a passage inresponse to increasing pressure of centrifuged liquid so that the liquidfood can exit the capsule and the device through the passage.

The capsule receiving means of the device comprises a capsule holderwhich advantageously has an interior surface or structure for engagingthe capsule with the interior surface or structure configured to offerresistance to torque during rotation or for frictionally engaging orreceiving a complementary surface or structure of the capsule to enablethe driving means to rotate the capsule.

The device is useful for preparing beverages from a plurality ofdifferent capsules, in which case it further comprises identificationmeans for identifying the different capsules, and control means capableof operating the device in centrifugation for any of the differentcapsules according to predetermined liquid food preparation parametersincluding the flow rate and the volume of liquid to be injected into thecapsule, with the identification means comprising capsule recognitionmeans which are recognized by sensing means connected to the controlmeans of the device to control the preparation parameters accordingly.

The method of the invention prepares liquid food from the capsulescontaining one or more extractable or infusible ingredients. The methodcomprises passing a liquid through the substance(s) in the capsule whileapplying centrifugal forces to the capsule to urge the liquid to passthrough the ingredient(s) in a radial or centrifugal flow path toprepare the liquid food. The capsule is preferably rotated centrifugallyat a centrifugal speed of at least 500 rpm, and the liquid is introducedinto the capsule at or near its central axis at substantially nopressure. An outlet in the capsule is provided at least after the liquidfood is prepared (if not before) at a peripheral location of the capsuleto enable the liquid food to leave the capsule.

The method may include restricting flow of the liquid food to provide apressure drop of at least 0.5 to 6 bar of relative pressure during thecentrifugal rotation of the capsule to enable the liquid to have ahigher residence time in contact with the extractable or infusibleingredient(s) in the capsule prior to collecting the centrifuged liquidfood from the capsule. Generally, the capsule is initially sealed in agas tight manner before preparation and the extractable or infusibleingredient(s) comprises ground coffee powder, soluble coffee, tea,chocolate, whitener, flavours or combinations thereof. The extractableor infusible ingredient(s) may be present in an amount for forming oneor two servings of the liquid food, and with the capsule being rotatedat an axis of rotation that is vertical or inclined relative to verticalat an angle that is less than 90 degrees.

The method can be used for preparing a liquid food from capsules havingdifferent extractable or infusible ingredient(s), wherein predeterminedparameters for preparing the liquid food are adjusted as a function ofthe volume of the extractable or infusible ingredient(s) contained inthe capsule; including at least one of liquid flow rate, speed ofrotational, volume of liquid introduced into the capsule, temperature ofinjected liquid and combinations thereof. The capsule generallycomprises identification means for adjusting the liquid food preparationparameters. Also, the volume of the capsule may differs as a function ofthe volume or type of liquid food to be prepared. Preferably, the volumeor type of liquid food represents at least two, preferably three or moredifferent beverages, e.g., coffee.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Additional features of the invention will appear in the detaileddescription of the figures which follows.

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of system of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a brewing module in openposition of the system of the invention into which is inserted acapsule;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a brewing module in closedposition of the system of the invention which encloses a capsule;

FIG. 4 is a detailed cross sectional view of the system of the inventionin a first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of another embodiment of the device of theinvention;

FIG. 6 shows a sealed capsule which can be used in the device of theinvention according to FIG. 4 or 5;

FIG. 7 shows a capsule after its use in the system of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a detailed cross sectional view of the system of the inventionin a second embodiment;

FIG. 9 shows a detail of the system of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 shows a cross sectional view of the cup-shaped body of thecapsule in the system of FIGS. 8 and 9;

FIG. 11 shows a detail view of the clipping edge of the cup-shaped body;

FIG. 12 shows a cross sectional view of a detail, i.e., of the engagingconnection, of the cup-shaped body of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 shows a plane view of the detail of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 shows a cross sectional view of the lid of the capsule in thesystem of FIGS. 8 and 9;

FIG. 15 shows a detailed view of the deflectable sealing means of thelid of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 shows a cross sectional view of the cup-shaped body of thecapsule according to another embodiment;

FIG. 17 shows a cross sectional view of a detail of the body of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 shows a cross sectional view of the lid of the capsule thatconnects to the capsule's body of the embodiment of FIGS. 16 and 17;

FIG. 19 shows a detail of the lid of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 shows a sealed capsule and an operational mode for removing theseal of the capsule;

FIG. 21 shows a schematic view of the system of the invention accordingto another possible embodiment;

FIG. 22 shows a schematic view of the system according to still anotherembodiment;

FIG. 23 shows a schematic view of the system according to still anotherembodiment;

FIG. 24 shows a view of a capsule according to another mode of theinvention;

FIG. 25 shows a schematic representation of a brewing module in closedposition of the system of the invention according to yet anotherembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view from above of a capsule of the invention;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view from below of the capsule of theinvention;

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the capsule with the sealing foilremoved;

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the capsule of the invention;

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the lid from above of the capsule ofthe invention;

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the lid from below of the capsule ofFIG. 29;

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of the beverage production device of theinvention;

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the beverage production module in openmode;

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B of the beverageproduction module in a closed mode about the capsule;

FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of the view of FIG. 34;

FIG. 36 is a view of the water injection assembly of the module of FIGS.34 and 35;

FIG. 37 is a cross sectional view of a beverage production modulesimilar to FIG. 34 but for another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 38 is a detail view of the module of FIG. 37;

FIG. 39 is a cross section view of a variant of the capsule of theinvention;

FIG. 40 is a view from underside of the lid of the capsule of FIG. 39;

FIG. 41 is a perspective cross sectional view of a capsule (withoutsubstance inside) according to another mode of the invention;

FIG. 42 is a cross sectional view of the capsule of FIG. 41;

FIG. 43 is a cross sectional view of a capsule according to stillanother embodiment;

FIG. 44 is a cross sectional view of a capsule according to stillanother embodiment with the upper sealing membrane being removed forclarity;

FIG. 45 is a cross sectional view of another variant for cylindricalcapsule;

FIG. 46 is cross sectional view of another variant for capsule with aV-shaped side wall;

FIG. 47 is a cross sectional view of another variant for a capsule witha U-shaped side wall;

FIG. 48 shows a detail of the capsule of FIG. 47 during centrifugationin a beverage preparation device;

FIG. 49 shows a detail of the capsule of FIG. 47 along direction AA ofFIG. 47;

FIG. 50 is a top view of the capsule of FIGS. 47 to 49 duringcentrifugation;

FIG. 51 is a schematic side view of a capsule of small volume;

FIG. 52 is a schematic side view of a capsule of larger volume but sameinsertion diameter;

FIG. 53 is a bottom view of the capsule of FIG. 51;

FIG. 54 is a schematic representation of the centrifugal device intowhich is inserted the capsule of FIG. 51;

FIG. 55 is a schematic representation of the device into which isinserted the capsule of FIG. 52;

FIG. 56 is a small capsule with a convex bottom portion;

FIG. 57 is a larger capsule with a convex bottom portion;

FIG. 58 is a small-volume capsule of convex body;

FIG. 59 is a medium-volume capsule of convex body;

FIG. 60 is a large-volume capsule of convex body;

FIG. 61 represents a centrifugal brewing device into which is inserted acapsule of small volume;

FIG. 62 represents a centrifugal brewing device into which is inserted acapsule of larger volume;

FIG. 63 represents a general representation of manner the capsules ofdifferent volumes fit into the same capsule holder;

FIG. 64 shows a detail of FIG. 63 before closure of the device; and

FIG. 65 shows a detail of FIG. 63 after closure of the device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As used herein, the term “food liquid” has here a broad meaning andencompasses: a culinary liquid such as soup or sauce, a beverage liquidsuch as coffee extract (obtained from ground and/or instant coffeepowder), liquid chocolate, milk (obtained from powder and/or liquidconcentrate), tea extract (obtained from instant and/or leaf), etc., ora nutritional liquid such as an infant formula and combinations thereof.

As used herein, the term “sealed” capsule means that the capsule is madeof materials having gas barrier properties and is sealed in a fluidtight manner so that ingress of air in the capsule is prevented.

As used herein, the terms “brewing” or “brewed” is not to be taken inthe narrow sense of extracting under pressure a liquid from anon-entirely soluble substance (such as ground coffee or leaf tea) butis to be taken in a broader sense as encompassing the interactionprocesses of a food substance and a liquid, preferably water, includingthe processes of extraction, infusion, adsorption, dissolution,dilution, dispersion, mixing, emulsifying, foaming and the like.

As used herein, the term “piercing” is to be taken in its broad senseand it includes the mechanical and/or thermal processing for providing athrough-opening in a wall of the capsule.

As used herein, the “extraction yield” reflects the extractionefficiency and is defined as the weight of total solids in the liquidextract divided by the total weight of starting coffee ingredients inthe capsule (e.g., roast and ground coffee). This value is typicallyexpressed in percentage.

As used herein, the average particle size “D_(4,3)” represents the meanvolumetric diameter of the coffee grind as obtained by laser diffractionmethod using a Malvern® optical instrument and butanol as dispersingagent for the particles.

As used herein, the term “cylindrical” is intended to cover a sidewallof tubular circular section, forming an angle of 90 degrees, with atolerance of + or −5 degrees, relative to the upper wall of the capsule.

As used herein, the term “insertion diameter” refers to a diameter ofreference measured on the external surfaces of the body of the capsule.

As used herein, the term “angle” means the angle of the portion in theaxial direction of the capsule relative to the central axis of rotationof the capsule.

As used herein, the term “upper portion” means the portion of the bodycloser to the free rim of the body.

As used herein, the term “lower portion” means the portion of the bodytowards the bottom of the body of the capsule.

As used herein, the term “roasting” includes any suitable thermaltreatment of coffee beans to create flavors that are indicative ofcoffee.

In one embodiment, the invention provides for a method for preparing abeverage or food liquid from a food substance contained in a filteringreceptacle by passing water through the substance using brewingcentrifugal forces comprising:

feeding water in the receptacle,

driving the receptacle in centrifugal rotation to force water to flowthrough the substance in a centrifugal flow path to outlet means of thereceptacle, wherein the receptacle is formed by a sealed capsule beforeits use which is opened for water to be introduced in the capsule; saidcapsule containing a predetermined dose of food substance and beingdiscarded after use.

The capsule can be sealed in a gastight manner to preserve freshness ofthe substance contained in its enclosure. The capsule can be opened inthe device itself, e.g., by piercing of the capsule, or alternativelybefore the capsule is inserted in the device, e.g., by piercing of thecapsule or removing a sealing foil of the capsule.

The capsule can be opened for water to be introduced in the capsule,after insertion of the capsule in the beverage preparation device, bypiercing of the capsule.

The capsule can also be opened for water to be introduced in thecapsule, before insertion of the capsule in the beverage preparationdevice by providing at least one passage, by piercing or removing asealing foil of the capsule.

The method more particularly relates to the preparation of a food liquidor beverage, in a beverage preparation device, from a food substancecontained in a filtering receptacle by passing water through thesubstance using brewing centrifugal forces comprising:

feeding water in the receptacle,

driving the receptacle in centrifugal rotation to force water to flowthrough the substance in a centrifugal flow path to outlet means of thereceptacle,

wherein the receptacle is formed by a capsule which is sealed beforeuse;

wherein the capsule contains a dose of food substance;

wherein the capsule is placed in the beverage preparation device,

wherein the capsule is opened for water to be introduced in the capsule;

wherein the capsule is removed from the beverage preparation device forbeing discarded after the liquid has been brewed from the capsule bycentrifugation of the capsule in the beverage preparation device.

The sealed capsule is made of materials having gas barrier propertiesand is sealed in a fluid tight manner so that ingress of air in thecapsule is prevented. Furthermore, the capsule preferably contains aninert gas that improves the freshness of substance in the capsule. Thecapsule can also be wrapped with an outer protective membrane which isremoved before the capsule is placed in the device.

Preferably, the capsule contains a dose of substance for preparing oneor two servings (e.g., cups) of beverage. Cups of beverage are usuallysized between about 25 to 220 mL.

The dose of substance for a single cup of coffee may be, for instance,between 4 to 8 grams of roast and ground coffee.

It must be noted that surprising improved brewing results are obtainedby this method which can lead to amounts of coffee solids in the cupwhich are higher than known methods using brewing water pressurized by apump. Without being bound by theory, it is supposed that water flow ismore uniformly distributed by centrifuge effect and it creates less orno preferential flow paths in the coffee bed as compared to traditionalmethods using a positive pressure obtained by a pressure pump.

The food substance in the capsule can be ground coffee powder, solublecoffee, tea, chocolate, whitener, flavours and combinations thereof.

The capsule is preferably driven in rotation at a centrifugal speed ofat least 1000 rpm, more preferably between 2500 and 20000 rpm, mostpreferably between 5000 and 16000 rpm. Surprisingly, at such highrotational speeds, improved coffee crema is obtained with a capsulecontaining ground coffee. Crema has a more creamy consistency like areal emulsion of oil and water compared to usual crema obtained bytraditional methods which is more watery with larger bubble size.

Of course, the speed also depends on the nature of the food ingredient.For leaf tea, the centrifugal speed is preferably low to provideinfusion rather than a pressure extraction. In particular, for leaf tea,the centrifugal speed is comprised between 10 and 1000 rpm, morepreferably between 50 and 500 rpm.

The capsule can comprise a sealing lid. The sealing lid can comprise aflexible membrane. The membrane can comprise gas barrier and supportlayers made of polymers, aluminium and/or aluminium alloys.

The capsule can also comprise a cup-shaped body onto which the sealinglid is sealed. The cup-shaped body may also comprise gas barriermaterials, such as metal, e.g., thin aluminium and/or plastic.

In another embodiment, the capsule is made of two sealed flexible foils.The foils can be symmetrically arranged forming two identical sides andwelded at a peripheral seam.

In another mode, the capsule comprises a plastic lid attached to acup-shaped body. The plastic lid and body can be attached through aclipping member comprising a deflectable sealing lip. The deflectablelip is designed so that it opens under the effect of the centrifugalforces transferred to the brewed liquid exiting the capsule. In avariant of this mode, the capsule comprises a plastic lid welded on acup-shaped body whereas a series of premade peripheral outlets areprovided in the lid and/or body for the brewed liquid to leave thecapsule under the effect of the centrifugal forces. The premadeperipheral outlets may be a series of small slits of small size to alsofilter the brewed liquid and maintain solid particles of the substancein the capsule. The lid and body can thus be welded by ultrasounds orany suitable connection method.

The method of the invention comprises an operation wherein hot water isintroduced into the capsule at substantially no pressure. Water can bebrought by a hot water feed mechanism using a principle of aspiration orvaporisation.

Alternatively, for a higher flow consistency, hot water can beintroduced using a low pressure pump such as a peristaltic pump or adiaphragm pump and the like.

The method also encompasses an operation during which at least oneperipheral liquid outlet is made before or when water is introduced inthe sealed capsule.

The outlets can be pierced on a lid of the capsule. Outlets can also bepierced on a sidewall of the capsule.

In a mode, a plurality of outlets is formed by piercing at a peripheralarea of the capsule. This method has the advantage to require a simplercapsule. The number of outlets can be chosen to control the flow rate ofthe brewed liquid. Since the outlets are radially oriented in series, ahigh pressure layer or jets of the brewed liquid is formed that isexpelled out of the capsule.

Preferably, in the method of the invention, the brewed liquid is alsocollected to form a homogeneous flow of the food liquid or beveragewhich can be directed to the cup.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one peripheral outlet isformed in the capsule by an opening occurring under the effect of thepressure of liquid carried out by the centrifugal forces.

The invention also concerns a system for preparing a beverage or foodliquid from a food substance contained in a filtering receptacle bypassing water through the substance using centrifugal forces comprising:

a device comprising:

water feed means for introducing water in the receptacle, and

driving means for driving the receptacle in centrifugal rotation,

wherein the receptacle is formed by a capsule which contains the foodsubstance and is insertable in the device for brewing of the food liquidand then removable from the device after brewing of the food liquid,

wherein the system further comprises referencing means for positioningand referencing the capsule in a removable manner in the device and inoperational relationship with the water feed means and along an axis ofrotation along the driving means.

Preferably, the capsule is a gastight sealed receptacle before beinginserted in the device.

In one aspect of the system of the invention, the capsule comprisestrunconical sidewalls which promote the drainage of the brewed liquidacross the substance to the outlet(s) of the capsule.

In another possible aspect, the capsule has a rigid lid resiliablyattached to a cup-shaped body. The lid can be plastic. The lid and bodycan be attached via a radial deflectable sealing means which opens byeffect of the centrifugal effect to let the brewed liquid pass. Forexample, the deflectable sealing means can comprise at least oneperipheral plastic lip of the lid engaging in a seat of the cup-shapedbody or vice versa.

The invention also relates to a device for preparing a beverage or foodliquid from a food substance contained in a capsule by passing waterthrough the substance in the capsule comprising:

water feed means for introducing water in the capsule,

wherein it further comprises referencing means for positioning andreferencing the capsule along an axis of rotation in the device anddriving means for driving the capsule in centrifugal rotation.

The referencing means are designed for receiving the capsule in aremovable manner. They are designed for receiving the capsule in thedevice in operational relationship with the water feed means and thedriving means. The referencing means comprise a capsule holdercomprising a cavity which is drivable in rotation. The capsule holdercan be driven in rotation at a speed of more than 7500 rpm. The capsuleholder is, for instance, connected to a motor via a drive shaft arrangedfor driving the capsule holder about a central rotational axis. Thereferencing means comprise a water injection lid closing on theinjection surface of the capsule. The lid and capsule can co-act inclosure about the capsule while leaving a collecting chamber. Thedriving means comprise a motor and a shaft associated in rotationalarrangement with the capsule holder and/or lid. The capsule holder andlid can swivel along bearings. The collecting chamber preferablycomprises surfaces that surround the capsule radially. The collectingchamber can be associated to a duct for directing the flow of brewedliquid to a recipient (e.g., a cup).

The device may optionally comprise a by-pass conduit arranged to add apart of water in the collector without this part of water passing in thecapsule. The additional part of water enables to prepare beverages oflarger volumes with a part of brewed liquid and a part of water. Forlarge coffee, for instance Americano-type, since the total volume of thecoffee beverage is not passed through the capsule, an over-extraction ofthe ground coffee can be avoided and bitterness can be reduced. Thisresults in a large coffee beverage having an improved taste.

According to another aspect of the invention, the device comprises acontrol unit adapted to vary the speed of the driving means for drivingthe capsule in centrifugal rotation therefore providing differentcentrifugal pressures in the capsule. As a result, the brewing pressureconditions in the capsule can be easily tailored to the type ofbeverages to be brewed. More preferably, the control unit is programmedto provide at least two different centrifugal speeds. In an example, afirst rotational speed is comprised within a value range of 500 to 15000rpm and a second rotational speed is comprised within a value range of1500 and 20000 rpm, more preferably, 5000 and 20000 rpm. For example,low speed values can be set by the control unit to brew coffee with lessor no foam such as long coffee or American coffee. The higher speedvalues can be set by the control unit to brew coffee with a higheramount of foam such as espresso or lungo coffee. The foam (e.g., coffeecrema) is obtained by shearing the liquid through the passages in thecapsule and also by the brewed liquid which impacts on the surfaces ofthe collector at a higher energy therefore creating an emulsion withentrapment of gas. Therefore, the kinetic energy of the liquid impactingon a surface is decisive for the improvement of the foam. In the usualbrewing methods using brewing water pressurized by a pump, thisphenomenon does not take place since there is no sufficient speed of theliquid leaving the capsule.

The invention also concerns a capsule for preparing a beverage or foodliquid from a food substance contained in the capsule by passing waterthrough the substance using brewing centrifugal forces, whichcomprising:

an enclosure containing a predetermined dose of substance,

means for connecting the capsule to external rotational driving meanswherein said means are configured to offer a resistance to torque duringrotation of the capsule for maintaining the capsule in a referencerotational position.

In one embodiment, the connecting means of the capsule preferablycomprises a tubular portion protruding from the capsule.

In another embodiment, the connecting means comprises at least onerecess portion.

In another embodiment, the surface of the capsule comprises a roughenedportion.

The roughened portion thus creates a sufficient resistance to thedriving surface of the device that enables it to drive the capsule inrotation.

In yet another embodiment, the surface of the capsule comprises atoothed structure.

In an aspect of the invention, the capsule comprises opening means forletting the brewed liquid leave the capsule, wherein the opening meansopens under the effect of the fluid being moved by the centrifugalforces when the capsule is driven in rotation.

For instance, the opening means forms at least one radial outlet for thebrewed liquid.

Preferably, the capsule has a flared design and the at least one radialoutlet is positioned or created at or close to the larger side of theflared design. This design and outlet arrangement promotes the flow ofthe centrifuged brewed liquid in the capsule, its collection and itsremoval from the capsule.

In a convenient embodiment, the outlet can be obtained by thecentrifugal forces which exert a flexure on at least one deflectableportion of the capsule.

The capsule may comprise a cup-shaped body and a lid that closes thebody.

For instance, the deflectable portion is an elastic lip acting inclosure on a surface of the capsule. The deflectable lip is integral toat least one wall of the capsule. It can be moulded in plastic with apart of the capsule, i.e., a lid or body of the capsule. The lip can,for instance, be inserted in a peripheral cavity or groove of thecapsule. The groove may be formed in the body or lid. The lip can beformed on the opposed part where the groove is formed, i.e., the lid orbody of the capsule.

In another mode, the invention relates to a capsule for preparing abeverage or liquid food by passing water through a substance containedin the capsule by using brewing centrifugal forces comprising:

a gastight enclosure containing a predetermined dose of substance,

at least one outlet placed at the periphery of the enclosure for thebrewed liquid to leave the capsule when centrifuge forces are exerted inthe capsule.

In this mode, premade radial outlets for the brewed liquid are providedin the capsule. For instance, a series of slits are provided in the lidand/or body. When the capsule is driven in rotation, the brewed liquidcan pass through the slits whereas the solid particles are retained inthe capsule. An additional filtering layer can be used to filter theliquid depending on the size of the outlets.

Furthermore, the capsule can comprise an injection tubular portion fortransporting water in the capsule. The tubular portion has a water inleton a surface of the capsule and a water outlet communicating internallyin the cavity of the capsule. Preferably, the capsule has flaredsidewalls. Preferably, the water outlet is close to the bottom of thecapsule so that water arrives inside the cavity containing the substanceat the bottom side. The bottom refers to the more narrow side of thecapsule by reference to the flared design.

The invention also concerns a system for preparing a beverage or liquidfood from a food substance contained in a filtering receptacle bypassing water through the substance using centrifugal forces comprising:

a device comprising:

water feed means for introducing water in the receptacle,

driving means for driving the receptacle in centrifugal rotation, and

referencing means for positioning and referencing the receptacle in thedevice in operational relationship with the water feed means and thedriving means.

According to an aspect of the invention, the receptacle is formed by acapsule which comprises means for connecting the capsule to the drivingmeans.

The device also comprises complementary connecting means for engagingthe connecting means of the capsule.

The system 1 of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 in the moregeneral sense. The system comprises a device 2 and a capsule 3. Thedevice has a brewing module 4 into which the capsule can be inserted forbeing brewed and is removed after use for being discarded (e.g., forwaste or recycling). The module is in fluid communication with a waterreservoir 5 containing fresh or, alternatively heated water. A fluidtransport means such as a low pressure pump 6 can be provided in thewater circuit to transport water from the reservoir to the module. Awater heater 7 is further provided to heat water to the desiredtemperature. It can be noted that water could be heated in the reservoiritself and water could be transported from the reservoir by effect ofvaporisation. Water can be fed into the module 4 at low or substantiallyno pressure. For example, a pressure between 0 and 2 bars aboveatmospheric pressure can be envisaged at the inlet 8 of the module.

The brewing module 4 can comprise referencing means 40, 41 for retainingthe capsule in a predetermined position in the module. The capsule canbe maintained in a slightly inclined position to promote the exit flowof the brewed liquid to a brewed liquid outlet 9. For instance, an angleof inclination relative to vertical can be between 2 and 65 degrees. Thereferencing means can comprise a capsule holder 410 and an injection lid400. Both holder 410 and lid 400 are mounted to rotate along an axis ofrotation I. The capsule holder comprises a cavity having the shape ofthe capsule to be received. The lid is designed to assemble against thecapsule holder in a removable manner. A liquid passage 42 can be createdin the module to enable liquid to be drained and collected from thecapsule to the fixed outlet 9.

Driving means 10 are provided for driving the lid 400 and capsule holder410 together in rotation and, by way of consequence, the capsule too.For this, the driving means includes an electrical motor 11 having ashaft connected to the capsule holder to force the capsule holder 41 inrotation. Since the lid 40 is attached to the capsule holder 41, the lidis also driven in rotation at the same speed as the capsule holder.

The surfaces of the collecting means of the device can be regulated intemperature so that the brewed liquid exiting the capsule is maintainedat a proper temperature and does not cool down before reaching the cup.For this the lid assembly 40 and/or capsule holder assembly 41 can beassociated to heating elements 46 for maintaining the capsule holder ata heated regulated temperature, such as with heating wires or thickfilms and the like.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show a detailed view of the principle of centrifugation ofthe capsule. The device comprises a capsule holder assembly 41 with aholder 410 having a trunconical housing 44 in which the capsule 3 isinserted. The holder is mounted along an axis of rotation I by a bearing43. The injection lid assembly 40 is provided with an internal lid 400which can be mounted on a fixed support part 401 of the lid assembly 40in a pivotable manner along the axis I when the device is closed (FIG.3).

The lid assembly and capsule holder assembly are associated along atransversal axis A between an open position as illustrated in FIG. 2 anda closed position of FIG. 3.

At the inside surface of the injection lid 40 is placed a piercingstructure 450 which has the function of piercing the injection side 30of the capsule. A water injector or lance 50 is provided which traversesthe injection side 30 and which comprises an injection conduit forcarrying water from the water circuit into the capsule. The waterinjector 50 is preferably located in the centre of the capsule. Watercan thus be injected in the capsule at a location placed between thecapsule lid 30 and the capsule bottom 31. The outlet of the waterinjector is placed closer to the bottom 31 than to the lid so that watercan first wet the substance in the bottom area of the capsule. The lidfurther comprises outlet piercing elements 51 which are placed on theinside of the lid at a radial position. Preferably, a series of piercingelements 51 are placed uniformly along the periphery of the lid. Furtherthe capsule comprises an inclined sidewall 32 which widens from thebottom 31 to the top 30 in direction of the radial openings or outletspierced by the piercing elements 51. The lid is further provided with acollecting assembly 52 comprising an inside chamber 53 surrounding thecapsule's radial openings and a nozzle 530 forming a tube for directingthe beverage or food liquid to the recipient or cup. It can be notedthat there is no need for a hermetical arrangement between the upper andlower parts 40, 41 of the device. Since water is pushed by the effect ofgravity, water flows radially and uniformly to the sidewall 32 of thecapsule to traverse the substance toward the periphery of the capsuleand upwards to the radial opening along the sidewall 32. The brewedliquid so impacts the outward surface of the collecting assembly 52 andis so collected and pushed still by effect of gravity to the collectingnozzle 530. The advantage of the system is that there is a low axialpressure therefore there is less need for high mechanical closureforces. The technology is relatively simple since a motor working at lowcurrent is sufficient to provide the necessary momentum to carry out thebrewing process. Furthermore, several types of heaters can be used suchas thermos or gas.

FIG. 4 shows a more sophisticated system of the invention. The systemcomprises a capsule holder 41 which is associated to a central rotatingrod 45 mounted along a lower bearing 43, which is supported on a support46. On the lower end of the rod 45 is associated an electric rotarymotor 11. At the opposite side, a lid 40 is associated to an upperbearing 47, along a hollow rotating rod 48 for the entry of water in thecapsule through a conduit 49 traversing the rotating rod 48. Therotating rod 45 is mounted on an upper frame 60 of the system. A seriesof needles 51 is also positioned on the side of the lid 40 to form smallperforations at the periphery of the upper side of the capsule. Thenumber of needles can be set between 5 and 50, preferably between 10 and30. The higher the number of needles, the more uniform the distributionof liquid can be. When the needles 51 are engaged in the capsule, thelid is driven in rotation by the capsule itself which is also driven bythe rotor 45.

The rotational speed can be set between about 1000 and 20000 rpm. Forthis a control unit C (FIG. 1) is provided in the device for adjustingthe rotational speed as a function of the beverage to be brewed. Thehigher the rotational speed, the more radial pressure is exerted in thecapsule by the liquid and the more the substance is compacted on thesidewall of the capsule. Also, the higher the speed, the lower theresidence time of the liquid in the capsule.

For example, for tea, the rotational speed can be minimal to enable aslow transfer of water through the mass of tea leaves and to provide aninfusion of the tea.

For ground coffee, the speed should be relatively high, i.e., higherthan 1500 rpm, more preferably higher than 5000 rpm, preferably within arange of about 8000-16000 rpm, in order to perform optimal extractionconditions in term of coffee solid contents in the cup and quality ofthe crema. It has been surprisingly found that crema obtained is muchcreamier than by using the standard espresso brewing methods.

The rotational speed ranges differ as a function of the coffee type tobe delivered in order to deliver optimized results, for ristretto (25ml), espresso (40 ml), lungo (110-120 ml), Americano or long coffee(180-400 ml). In another mode, the flow rate differs as a function ofthe coffee type. The flow rate of injected liquid in the capsule can becontrolled by measuring it with a flow meter. In order for this flowrate to be maintained within a given range or value during beveragecentrifugation, the rotational speed is monitored continuously or atvery short time intervals. Since the flow rate influences directly theresidence time of liquid in the capsule, thereby the brewing conditions,it is preferred to control the flow rate at predetermined values as afunction of the desired beverage (e.g., coffee type) rather thancontrolling the rotational speed at predetermined values.

Therefore, as much as two, three, four or even more different flow ratesand/or speed ranges can be provided in function of the types of coffeeto be delivered. Therefore, depending on the types of beverage to bebrewed, the control unit can be programmed to adjust the optimalcentrifugal conditions. For instance, the control unit may be associatedto a capsule recognition system enabling to recognize the types ofcapsules, i.e., espresso, lungo, cappuccino, long coffee (e.g., 180-400ml), latte, tea, etc, and to adjust the speed and/or other brewingparameters (e.g., water temperature) according the capsule which isinserted in the device. A recognition system uses a code on the capsuleand recognized by the device, such as a color, a barcode, an RFID, amagnetic code, ferromagnetic micro-wires or labels, shapes andcombinations thereof.

Different types of capsules such as for brewing different coffee types(ristretto, espresso, lungo, Americano, latte, etc.) containsappropriate amounts of ground powder for mixing with the appropriateamount of water. Generally, the amount of water varies from about 20 to400 ml depending upon the desired beverage, with the amount of groundcoffee powder provided as necessary to create the anticipated propertiesof the beverage. Typically, higher amounts of coffee powder may bedesired for larger coffee cups or for stronger coffee beverages. Also,the characteristic of coffee roasting level and/or coffee grind size isadapted to ensure that the desired or expected properties of thesedifferent coffee variants are achieved. The appropriate amounts can bedetermined by routine experimentation by a skilled artisan.

The brewed liquid is collected in a collecting chamber 52 of the support46 and drained through a collecting tube 9.

FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment in which the injection lid 40 isconnected to the capsule holder 41 by a bayonet type connection 55 orany equivalent connection means. In this embodiment, only one lowerbearing (not shown) is necessary. The capsule holder 41 and the lid 40are thus connected together and both turn along a lower rotational axle45. The capsule holder comprises a cavity 550 for receiving the capsule.The injection lid is then connected to the capsule holder along ahelicoidal tightening momentum by the bayonet means 55. For example, thebayonet means can comprise a series of radially extending protrusions onthe lid which fits into a series of hooks carried on the edge of thecapsule holder. Tightening may be performed by a gripping portion 61placed on the upper side of the lid. However, the assembly must letliquid pass between the lid and the holder. A sealing joint between thelid and holder is therefore not desirable. A predefined clearance mayalso be ensured for controlling the exit flow of the brewed liquid byforeseeing slots or grooves of predetermined dimensions at the interfacebetween the lid and holder.

A collecting assembly 46 having the shape of a cup larger than thecapsule holder is also placed about the brewing enclosure 40, 41 forcollecting the brewed liquid. The collecting assembly takes support on abase 62 of the device onto which is connected the motor 11. A liquidduct 9 is provided on a side of the cup which is slightly inclineddownwards for the liquid to flow in the direction of a receptacle (e.g.,a beverage cup).

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a capsule that can suit the device according tothe different embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 5. In FIG. 6, the capsule 7comprises a cup-shaped body 70 with upwardly oriented sidewall 76 and abottom wall 77. The sidewall forms a portion of cone which promotes thecollection of the brewed liquid internally. The body terminates by anupper edge 72 raising outwards onto which is sealed a lid 71. The lidmay be a flexible pierceable membrane of several microns in aluminiumand/or plastic. The lid can be welded on the upper edges 72 of the body.It can be pointed out that the membrane and body preferably comprise gasbarrier layers such as aluminium and/or EVOH.

The capsule contains a substance chosen among the list consisting ofground coffee, soluble coffee, tea, a whitener such as dairy ornon-dairy ingredient(s), herbal tea, nutritional substance, culinaryingredients and a mixture thereof.

FIG. 7 illustrates the capsule after brewing of the substance in thedevice. A central water inlet 73 is pierced through the lid for passageof the water injector 50. On the side of the lid are pierced outlets 74communicating with the inside cavity for the brewed liquid to exit thecapsule.

Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in relationto FIGS. 8 and 9. In this embodiment, a capsule 8 comprising its owninflow and outflow means. More specifically, the capsule comprises acup-shaped body 80 made of plastic onto which is secured a plastic lid81. The lid can be tightly clipped onto the body along its edge bysealing means 82 illustrated in more details in FIGS. 9, 14 and 15. Thesealing means act as a valve. More particularly, the edge of the bodycomprises a peripheral groove 83 formed of two small parallel andcircular portions of wall rising upwardly. For this, the lid has aperipheral portion of wall forming a lip 84 that inserts itself in thegroove 83. The lip 84 can end by a thicker rounded shape 85 to create aclosing pressure on the surface of the groove 83 in the housing, whichpressure must be overcome to let the liquid pass through the cavity orannular groove 83. The sealing lip 84 is designed in such a way that itcan open a radial passage in the groove for the brewed liquid under theeffect of liquid opening them when the liquid is centrifuged.

At the periphery of the lid is provided a secondary closure lip 86 thatfits on the outer edge 87 of the body. This second lip 86 is designed toprovide locking of the lid on the body of the capsule. For this, the lip86 comprises an enlarged section 860 which presses on the outer surface87 of the edge of the body.

The secondary lip 86 creates a clipping function for connection of thelid onto the body and eventually it also forms a second hurdle to beovercome for the brewed liquid to pass. This tortuous path as formed bythe series of lips 84, 86 and the groove 83 generates high shear forceson the brewed liquid. The secondary lip can also be traversed by radialslits for promoting the flow of the brewed liquid (not shown). Forcoffee, this may result in generating a thicker and more stable crema.It can be noted that this lip could be omitted in the context of asimpler structure of the capsule.

In the centre of the capsule's lid is provided a water flow distributionmember formed of a tubular portion 88 extending from the lid. Thistubular portion 88 has a water inlet 89 which can be fitted to the waterinjection conduit 49 of the injection lid 40 of the system. The tubularportion 88 ends by flow distributing means 880 formed of several slotsdirected outwards in the cavity of the capsule. Several slots aredistributed at the free end of the tubular portion 88. The tubularsupport may abut against the bottom surface of the body for demarcatingthe slots and for directing water in many radial directions. Forinstance, the number of slots may be comprised between 2 and 10.Therefore, water coming from the top will traverse the tube 88 and willexit the tube at the slots in the radial direction of the arrow Bidentified on FIG. 9. It can be noticed that water is so injectedpreferably close to the bottom of the capsule; therefore ensuring aproper wetting of the substance, e.g., coffee powder, and in thedirection from the bottom to the top (i.e., between the lid and body)where the brewed liquid leaves the capsule.

The capsule 8 of FIGS. 8 to 15 according to this embodiment can furtherinclude means 840 for gripping the bottom of the capsule and so enablingthe capsule to be properly driven in rotational motion by the device.For this, the means 840 comprises a small tubular portion protruding inthe bottom of the capsule and into which can be inserted a complementarytubular portion 450 of the rotational driving means of the device.

The driving means of the device further comprise a drive shaft 45associated to a support 451 for holding the bottom of the capsule. Ofcourse, the shape of the gripping means can take many other variationswithout departing from the scope of the present invention. FIGS. 12 and13 show a gripping structure 840 having a central recess 841 and fourarched recesses 842, 843, 844, 845 extending from the central recess841. This gripping structure forms a lock into which is fitted acomplementary engaging structure 450, i.e., a key, of the capsule holder451. The complementary shapes of the capsule and capsule holder enableto fulfil both the gearing function for driving the capsule at highspeeds in rotation and a safety function for ensuring that only capsulesadapted to the system can be used and brewed successfully.

In this embodiment for FIGS. 8 and 9, the device itself comprises, as inthe preceding modes, upper and lower bearings 43, 47 for enabling theinjection lid and support of capsule 451 to rotate in conjunction withthe capsule 3. Surrounding the capsule is a collecting assembly 52 witha cup 520 formed of a side and bottom walls 521 and an upper closingcover 522. The cover also serves for receiving the upper bearing 43while the lower cup 520 has a central recess for receiving the lowerbearing 47. The cup 520 and the cover 522 can be assembled in fluidtight manner to avoid uncontrolled projection of brewed liquid.Therefore connection means 523 can be provided and a fluid tight sealingelement, such as an O-ring 524, can also serve to ensure tightnessbetween the two parts. Also a beverage outlet tube (not shown) can beprovided to drain the beverage outside of the collecting assembly.

As also apparent in FIG. 8, the driving means of the device comprise alower electrical motor 11 which is coupled to a driving shaft or driveconnector 45 which is itself connected to the capsule holder 451. Notethat the capsule holder may be a simple plate support or disc 451 or asupport shaped as a cup.

The brewing operation of the system of FIGS. 8 and 9 can be shortlyexplained as follows:

A capsule 3 as described contains a dose of substance is provided. Thecapsule can be filled with roast and ground coffee. The capsule isinserted in the cup 520 when the cover is removed and placed on thecapsule holder 451 with the engaging structure of the engaging structure450 fitting the recess portion 840 of bottom of the capsule. By theapproach and connection of the cover 522 to the cup 520, The injectionlid 40 is then connected or associated to the capsule's lid 81 with thewater conduit 89 coming in communication with the water injection tube88 of the capsule. When the device is in the closed position of FIG. 8,water can be injected at low pressure or just poured into the conduitthrough the tubular portion 88. Preferably, some water is poured tostart wetting the substance in the capsule before the capsule is drivenin rotation by the rotational driving means of the device. Then, thecontrol unit starts the motor and the capsule is so driven in rotationat high speed to perform the centrifugal brewing operation. Under theeffect of centrifugal forces, the powder substance tends to compactitself radially whereas water is forced to flow through the substance.This results in the substance being both compacted and intimately wettedby water. Due to high speed rotational movement, the centrifugal forcesexert themselves uniformly on the mass of substance. Consequently, thewater distribution is also more uniform compared to usual methods usinga pressure pump to exert pressure on and through the bed of substance.As a result, there is less risk of preferential flow path through thesubstance which could lead to areas which are not properly wetted and sonot properly extracted. With ground coffee powder, the liquid thatreaches the internal sidewall of the capsule is so a liquid coffeeextract. This liquid extract is then forced to flow upwards along theside of the capsule up to the sealing means 82. The sealing means 82 arethus submitted to an opening force by the liquid under the centrifugeeffect. This results in the lip that tends to bend outwardly to create apassage between the surface 85 and the inner surface of the groove.Similarly, the second lip is also forced to bend or alternatively mayallow a certain leakage, for example, with premade slits for letting theliquid escape the capsule. The liquid can thus flow through the smallperipheral groove 83 and can exit out of the capsule. The brewed liquidcan be so collected by the collector 52 and be guided outside of thedevice into the recipient.

FIGS. 16 to 19 illustrate another embodiment of the capsule according tothe invention. This capsule has a cup-shaped body 80 comprising the samegripping means 840 at its outer surface for enabling the capsule to bedriven in rotation in the device. The capsule also comprises a lid 81shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. Contrary to the capsule of the preceding mode,the lid 80 and body 81 are attached by permanent connecting means suchas ultrasonic welding. The brewed liquid that is centrifuged is allowedto pass through a series of slits 810 provided on the upwardlyprotruding edge 880 of the body. The slits are sized so to act as afilter for retaining the solid particles such as the ground coffeeparticles but let the liquid leave the capsule. The lid is connectedwith the edge 880 fitting into a radial groove 840 of the lid 81 (FIG.19). FIG. 17 also shows small indents 830 serving as energy directorsthat can melt during the ultrasonic welding. In the present mode, thecapsule does not comprise a deflecting sealing lip but it simply hasslits 810 for enabling the brewed liquid to traverse the capsule. Thecapsule of this mode can be used in a device as illustrated in FIGS. 8and 9.

In FIG. 20, a sealed capsule of the invention is shown. The capsule isformed, as described in the preceding modes, of a cup-shaped body 80onto which is assembled a lid 81. The water inlet 89 of the lid iscovered by a sealing membrane 890. The radial outlet area placed betweenthe lid and body is also covered by a sealing membrane 891. Note thatthe same sealing membrane could cover both the water inlet 89 and theoutlet area for the brewed liquid. The sealing membrane 891 can be atamper evidence element such as a ribbon of an adhesive membrane sealedalong the line between the lid and body. The ribbon can be cut by acutting tool 910 in the machine, such as a blade or an equivalent means.As the capsule is driven in rotation (as shown by arrow C), the cuttingtool is approached in contact with the ribbon which is thusautomatically cut. The capsule is so no longer impervious and liquid canescape the capsule through the radial edge of the capsule as previouslyexplained. One can note that the sealing membrane(s) can also be made ofa peelable adhesive material so that the user himself can remove it(them).

According to FIG. 21, the system may also foresee an injection of waterby aspiration under the effect of the rotational momentum. For this, acapsule is housed in the referencing means 40, 41. An injection tube 8connects a water reservoir to the inside of the capsule. The device isso oriented that the reservoir is below the capsule and water istransported by the vacuum that is produced in the centre of the capsule.The injection tube also engages into the capsule up to a regionpreferably closer to the more narrow side or bottom so that water canwet the whole mass of substance, e.g., ground coffee powder.

One can note that the capsule can be positioned with its sidewallwidening downwardly. In FIG. 22, the system is similar but theorientation of the capsule is simply inverted and it widens upwardly.

In the two embodiments of FIGS. 21 and 22, water is preferably injectednear the more narrow side of the capsule, i.e., opposite the wideningside, in order for the liquid to flow through the substance in thedirection of the wider side of the capsule and to then exit the capsule.

FIG. 23 illustrates another capsule of the invention. The capsulecomprises means for connecting it to the external rotational drivingmeans of the device. For this, capsule has a toothed structure 75 on atleast one of its outer surface. The capsule has a body 70 comprising anupper edge 72 which can be closed by an upper membrane 71. The toothedstructure comprises a series of teeth which is positioned below the edgeor rim 72 of the body of the capsule. The teeth are placed along thewhole periphery of the body of the capsule. The body of the capsule canbe made of plastic and/or aluminium or aluminium alloy. For example, itcan be moulded by injection of plastic or deep drawn in aluminium. Forexample, the shape of the teeth could be slightly triangular, oval,rectangular or pyramidal. It should be noticed that the teeth could bereplaced by other equivalent structures such as series of elements inrelief and/or hollow. For example, slits, pins or small needles can beenvisaged.

The device itself that receives the capsule of FIG. 23 comprises atoothed surface of complementary shape. FIG. 24 shows a capsule holder44 adapted to receive the capsule of FIG. 23. The capsule holder has acavity into which are provided hollow teeth 440. The hollow teeth arearranged to fit the teeth 750 on the outer surface of the capsule.

It should be noted that the connecting or engaging structure of FIG. 23can replace the structure of the capsule of FIGS. 8 and 9 orreciprocally.

In FIG. 25, is illustrated another embodiment of the brewing system ofthe invention. The difference is here that a water by-pass conduit 500is provided in addition to the main water conduit 50 for adding a volumeof water in the collecting assembly 52. A volume of water may be addedbefore, during or after the centrifugal brewing operation in thecapsule. The by-pass conduit ends on the upper surface of the rotatinglid 400. The upper surface of the lid 400 may comprise a waterdistribution structure such as radial grooves or recesses to promote theflow of water toward the surface of the collecting assembly. The controlunit may control the delivery of the added volume of water so that thevolume is added at the same time as the coffee extract is delivered bycentrifugation so that the foam that is created on the top of thebeverage is not destroyed.

The invention also relates to a food liquid preparation device forpreparing a food liquid from a food substance contained in a single-usecapsule, removably insertable in the device, by passing water throughthe substance in the capsule, comprising a water injection head in thecapsule and a capsule holder for holding the capsule in the device,characterized in that it comprises:

a water injector, as part of the water injection head, arranged forintroducing water along a central axis relative to the capsule holder,

means for driving the capsule holder in centrifugation around an axis ofrotation (I) aligned with said central axis of the capsule holder and,

at least one opening means for providing at least one liquid deliveryoutlet in the capsule which is placed in a position relatively offset tosaid central axis of the capsule holder.

In one mode, the opening means for providing the liquid deliveryoutlet(s) is at least one piercing member and/or cutting member and/orburning member.

More particularly, the water injecting head comprises a non-moving waterinjector and a rotary engaging member for engaging the capsule inclosure onto the capsule holder. The engaging member thus rotates inconjunction with the capsule holder during centrifugation of the capsulein the device.

In one mode, the opening means of the liquid delivery outlet(s), e.g.,piercing members or other means, can be part of the rotary engagingmember of the water injection head.

In an alternative possible configuration, the opening means of theliquid delivery, e.g., piercing members or other means, can be part ofthe capsule holder.

In a mode, the opening means comprises a series of opening means, e.g.,piercing members or other means, distributed along a substantiallycircular path about the central axis.

The opening means, e.g., piercing members, engages the capsule in such away that the rotational momentum can be transmitted from the device tothe capsule.

In a first mode, the opening members, e.g. piercing members, can bearranged in the device in such a manner to pierce the outlet(s) of thecapsule during closure of the device about the capsule. In particular,the opening members are mounted on the rotary engaging member or capsuleholder to open the capsule, e.g., pierce the liquid inlet(s) in thecapsule, during relative engagement or closure of the rotary engagingmember and the capsule holder about the capsule. For instance, piercingmembers are placed sufficiently in relief relative to the surface of thewater injection head to pierce the capsule when the head approaches andengages the capsule in closure.

Preferably, the series of piercing members comprises at least fourmembers for forming at least four small liquid delivery outlets at theperiphery of the capsule. The piercing members can be distributed at90-degree intervals therefore providing a homogeneous liquid delivery atthe periphery of the capsule.

The piercing members can engage the capsule and so participate totransfer the rotational momentum to the capsule during rotation.

In another mode, the opening members are configured to create the liquiddelivery outlet(s) of the capsule after a certain quantity of water isfilled in the capsule.

The capsule may comprise a perforable membrane made of an aluminiumand/or polymer materials. In particular, the puncturable membrane canhave a thickness between 10 and 200 microns.

In a possible aspect of the invention, the water injector also comprisesan opening means such as a piercing member. The opening means can be apiercing member arranged as a hollow piercing tube for injecting waterin the centre of the capsule.

The piercing member of the water injector has a diameter of less than 5mm, preferably, between 0.9 and 2.9 mm. Indeed, the pressure in thecapsule increases from the centre to the periphery. The pressure ofwater in the centre can be close to zero but can gradually increaseoutwardly. Therefore, a small diameter of the injector provides a smallinlet in the capsule to reduce the pressure at the inlet side of thecapsule.

The driving means of the capsule holder can be directly connected to thecapsule holder or indirectly connected to the capsule holder. A directconnection to the capsule holder can be obtained by a rotational driveassembly comprising a rotary motor and a drive transmission connectingthe motor to the bottom of the capsule holder. The drive transmissionmay comprise a suitable gear reduction or amplification to provide thecorrect transmission rate to the capsule holder in function of the motorspeed. An indirect connection to the capsule holder can be obtained bytransmission of the rotational momentum from the water injection head tothe capsule holder. In this case, the drive transmission of therotational drive assembly is connected directly to the upper side of thewater injection head, in particular to the rotary engaging member of thehead.

The device of the invention may receive capsules made of rigid,semi-rigid and/or soft materials. The capsule may be made of materialssuch as plastics, aluminium, cellulose-based materials or otherbiodegradable materials, and combinations therefore. Preferably, thecapsule has a peripheral wall made of a pierceable membrane. Themembrane can form a sealing lid covering a cup-shaped body whichreceives the food substance to be brewed.

In a mode, a valve means is arranged downstream of the opening means ofthe at least one liquid delivery outlet of the capsule. The valve meansmay comprise an annular closure ring and an elastic means forelastically engaging the ring in closure onto a peripheral part, e.g.,an edge, of the capsule.

The invention also relates to a method for preparing a food liquid froma food substance contained in a single-use capsule by passing waterthrough the substance comprising:

driving the capsule in centrifugal rotation while introducing water inthe centre of capsule,

passing water through the substance to form a food liquid,

opening at least one liquid delivery outlet in the capsule which isperipherally offset relative to the centre of the capsule and deliveringsaid liquid from said at least one liquid delivery outlet.

In a possible aspect of the method, the at least one liquid deliveryoutlet is obtained by piercing the capsule in the device. Thus, thecapsule can be a gas tightly sealed capsule comprising ingredients suchas ground coffee, instant coffee, leaf tea, cocoa, chocolate, a creamer,sweetener, and combinations thereof which can be preserved in protectedatmosphere conditions for an extended period of time. The capsule isthus opened at the time of use in the device.

According to an aspect of the method, at least one liquid deliveryoutlet is obtained by piercing a sealing membrane of the capsule. Themembrane can be formed of plastic and/or metal material.

In a mode of the invention, the at least one inlet opening is carriedout by mechanical piercing effect of the capsule, e.g., with an externalpiercing means of the device being displaced relatively to the capsule.

In this case, piercing is carried out when the capsule is inserted inthe device such as by effect of the device closing about the capsule.

According to the method, water is introduced in the capsule through anopening of less than 5 mm, preferably between 0.9 and 2.9 mm. Asaforementioned, a sufficiently small water inlet is preferred in thecapsule in order to reduce the internal pressure of liquid at the inletside of the capsule and therefore avoid leakage problems.

Preferably, water is introduced in the centre of the capsule afterhaving pierced a water inlet in the centre of the capsule.

According to an aspect of the invention, the food liquid delivered fromthe capsule is passed via a flow restriction means. The flow restrictionmeans can be configured for providing a pressure drop of at least 0.5bar of relative pressure during centrifugation. Preferably, the flowrestriction means is configured for providing a pressure drop of between1 and 6 bars, most preferably between 1.5 and 4 bars, of relativepressure during centrifugation. A flow restriction within the flow pathof the centrifuged liquid enables to control the release of thecentrifuged liquid for improving the interaction of water with thesubstance within the capsule as well as providing eventually foam to theliquid by the pressure release and the shear stresses which are createdat the restriction. More particularly, the flow restriction meansenables to maintain a pressure of several bars at the periphery of theenclosure and to retard the release of the liquid.

More particularly, the liquid delivered from the capsule opens a valvefor opening when a certain pressure is exerted on the valve by thecentrifuged liquid. The valve also regulates the flow of liquid and itreduces the risk of blocking the small outlets provided in the capsuleby small size particles, e.g., coffee fines, in particular, atrelatively low pressure values. The valve can be part of the capsule orcan be part of the device.

As a result, the system of the invention provides a solution forpreparing a food liquid wherein a controlled release of the food liquidcan be carried out. For example, the release of liquid can be delayeduntil a certain pressure is exerted on the valve means. A delayedopening of the valve means enables to improve the interaction betweenwater and the substance contained in the capsule and reduces the risk ofthe flow blocking in the capsule.

For coffee, for example, it may be advantageous to optimize interactionof water and the ground coffee particles to obtain a good extraction ofthe coffee and aroma compounds. Moreover, the valve means provides arestriction which may improve the creation of foam or coffee crema.

The valve means can be formed by at least one engaging portion of thedevice which moves relatively to an engaging portion of the capsuleunder the effect of the pressurized liquid for making a thin annularlaminating passage for the liquid. The laminating passage also enablesto create a liquid jet of relatively high velocity that impacts on awall of the device. As a result, a relatively high amount of foam can becreated both due to the restriction that is created by the valve meansand by the impact of the liquid on the impact surface of the device at arelatively high velocity during centrifugation. Depending on the amountof pressure exerted on the valve means by the centrifuged liquid, therestriction caused by the valve means can differ in amplitude.

In a possible mode, the valve means can be calibrated or adjusted toselectively open a liquid passage through the device at a threshold ofpressure in the capsule.

The liquid delivered from the capsule can also be filtered by filteringmeans provided in the capsule. Such a configuration has many advantagesbecause the device is simplified, the filter does not require cleaningsince it is discarded with the capsule.

The invention also relates to a single-use capsule for preparing a foodliquid from a food substance contained in the capsule by introducingwater in the capsule and passing water through the substance using thecentrifugal forces for producing the food liquid which is centrifugedperipherally in the capsule relatively to a central axis of the capsulecorresponding to an axis of rotation during the centrifugation,comprising:

an upper wall and a bottom wall,

a widening side wall connecting to the upper and lower walls and,

an enclosure containing a predetermined amount of a food substance.

In a preferred mode, the widening side wall forms an angle Q of lessthan 80 degrees relative to the upper wall. In particular, the wideningside wall forms an angle Q between 50 and 70 degrees, more preferably ofabout 60 degrees, relative to the upper wall.

Therefore, the angle of the widening sidewall has been determined topromote the exit of the liquid extract from the capsule at the outletside of the capsule, i.e., at an annular, peripheral portion of theupper wall of the capsule. In particular, an angle of about 60 degreeshas shown remarkable results whereas an angle of 85 degrees has shownpoor results (i.e., coffee does not come out of the capsule).

Preferably, the upper wall comprises an outlet region dedicated forbeing opened for release of the beverage. In particular, the outletregion can be a first dedicated peripheral region of said wall.

The upper wall may also comprise a second region which is a central oneand which is dedicated for being pierced by a water inlet means of thedevice. For instance the central region is a circular region of aperforable membrane. Outside of said first and second perforableregions, the upper wall might not be perforable. For this, an inner lidor dish part may be provided below the wall to reinforce it and toprevent accidental perforation of the upper wall, e.g., membrane, by anexternal piercing means.

In particular, said peripheral outlet region is part of a puncturablemembrane which is dedicated for being pierced for providing the beverageoutlets. The number of pierced outlets can range of from 1 to 20,preferably of from 3 to 10 outlets. The membrane provides the importantadvantage that it gives more freedom to create the water inlet andliquid outlets at the suitable locations and in the suitable number.

In order to filter the liquid in the capsule before it is centrifugedout through the (e.g., pierced) outlets, a filter part is positioned inthe capsule to separate a cavity containing the substance and a cavityfor collecting the centrifuged liquid.

In order to promote the exit of the liquid through the capsule, thefilter part can be inclined relative to the widening sidewall. In aparticular mode, for a larger filtering area, the filter part can extendacross the whole thickness of the enclosure. For instance, the filterpart can be substantially cylindrical. More specifically, the filterpart can be an integral extension part of an internal lid of thecapsule. The capsule can be designed with a limited number of pieces andcan be assembled in a more economical and simpler manner. In a differentmode, the filter part is substantially parallel to the upper wall. Inthis case, the filter part is spaced from the upper wall by a small gap.The capsule may thus be designed more compact with an optimized volumeof the substance.

According to the preferred configurations of the capsule, the collectingcavity is placed below the peripheral outlet region.

More preferably, the upper and bottom walls have a substantiallycircular surface. Therefore, the capsule is a member having a form ofrevolution of central axis which can be inserted in a beveragepreparation device for being centrifuged along its axis.

The upper surface can be a puncturable membrane. The lower surface canbe the bottom part of a cup-shaped body which also comprises thesidewall and a flange-like rim onto which is sealed the puncturablemembrane. The cup-shaped body is preferably made of plastic and/oraluminium materials.

Preferably, the enclosure is partially filled with a substance forenabling the substance to move against a peripheral wall of the capsuleduring the centrifugation process. The free volume in the enclosure ofthe capsule is preferably at least partially filled by a protective gasto preserve the freshness of the substance. A suitable protective gas isnitrogen for example. The free volume can also be partially occupied bya gas coming from the substance after degassing of the substance in thecapsule. Such gas for ground coffee can be carbon dioxide.

Preferably, the capsule comprises an internal filter portion placed atthe periphery of the enclosure. The internal filter portion can be aninternal perforated lid and/or a portion of porous material. Thecup-shaped body and internal lid can delimit the enclosure of thecapsule. The perforated lid has preferably a peripheral portion of wallcomprising a plurality of radial slots. The band of porous material canbe placed distant from the upper wall inside the capsule. For instance,the perforated portion of lid or porous portion can be placed a fewmillimetres, e.g., 1-5 mm, away from the upper wall. It can be placedparallel to the upper wall or inclined (e.g. at 90 degrees) with respectto said upper wall. The said portion is not parallel to the wideningsidewall but forms an angle with the sidewall of more than 15 degrees,preferably more than 45 degrees. In another mode, the filter could bepart of the device or be formed by the puncturable membrane and piercingmembers.

The capsule can also comprise a collecting recess forming an annularportion below the puncturable membrane. The collecting recess ispositioned to collect the centrifuged liquid passing through the filterportion. The collecting recess can be a few millimetres deep, e.g., 1-5mm and a few millimetres wide, 1-5 mm. The recess also provides a spacefor enabling outlet piercing elements of the beverage production deviceto be properly lodged in the capsule.

In a possible mode, the capsule comprises a central tubular portionextending from the upper lid toward the bottom of the enclosure forguiding water in the capsule. More preferably, the central tubularportion has a section which increases toward the bottom for enablingwater to force water to move toward the enclosure by centrifugation.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a single-use capsule forpreparing a food liquid from a food substance contained in the capsuleby introducing water in the capsule and passing water through thesubstance using the centrifugal forces for producing the food liquidwhich is centrifuged peripherally in the capsule relatively to a centralaxis of the capsule corresponding to an axis of rotation during thecentrifugation, comprising:

an upper wall and a bottom wall,

a widening side wall connecting to the upper and lower walls and,

an enclosure containing a predetermined amount of a food substance,

wherein the upper wall comprises a dedicated peripheral outlet regionwhich is perforable for providing outlets for the release of the liquid.

An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to a capsule forpreparing a food liquid from a food substance contained in the capsuleby introducing water in the capsule and passing water through thesubstance using the centrifugal forces for producing the food liquidwhich is centrifuged peripherally in the capsule relatively to a centralaxis of the capsule corresponding to an axis of rotation during thecentrifugation, comprising:

an upper wall and a bottom wall,

a side wall connecting to the upper and lower walls and,

an enclosure containing a predetermined amount of a food substance,

wherein the side wall is cylindrical and,

wherein at a least a portion of the side wall forms the outlet side ofthe capsule for releasing the centrifuged liquid,

wherein the capsule also comprises means for sealing it in a gastightmanner.

In one characteristic of the capsule, the cylindrical side wall is solidand is intended to be pierced by external piercing means. In this case,the upper wall, lower wall and side wall are connected in a gastightmanner.

In another alternative, the cylindrical side wall has outlet openingsprovided at intervals along its perimeter and a sealing means, e.g., amembrane, which covers the openings in a gastight manner. The outletopenings are preferably provided at about the transversal median planeof the sidewall.

The capsule may comprise a filter means to filter the centrifuged beforethe liquid is released from the outlets at the sidewall.

In another possible embodiment, the invention relates to a capsule forpreparing a food liquid from a food substance contained in the capsuleby introducing water in the capsule and passing water through thesubstance using the centrifugal forces for producing the food liquidwhich is centrifuged peripherally in the capsule relatively to a centralaxis of the capsule corresponding to an axis of rotation during thecentrifugation, comprising:

an upper wall and a bottom wall,

a side wall connecting to the upper and lower walls and,

an enclosure containing a predetermined amount of a food substance,

wherein the side wall has a convex cross section which increases fromits junction to the upper and lower walls towards a transversal centreplane of the capsule and,

wherein at least a portion of the side wall forms the outlet region ofthe capsule for releasing the centrifuged liquid.

In a particular design, the side wall is formed of two truncatedportions of walls, wherein the larger sections of the truncated portionsconnect together towards the median transversal plane of the capsule.

In another particular design, the sidewall is formed of a substantiallycurved convex cross-section such as, for example, a parabolic, ovoid orsemi-circular section.

In another particular design, the side wall is formed of a stepped crosssection.

In such embodiments, the outlet region of the capsule is preferablyprovided in the area of the vertex of the convex cross section of thesidewall.

The angle formed by each truncated portion relative to the upper orlower wall it connects to, is preferably lower than 85 degrees.

The capsule may comprise a filter means to filter the centrifuged beforethe liquid is released from the outlets at the sidewall. Preferably, thefilter is distant from the sidewall along the median transversal planeinside the capsule. The filter can be a cylindrical filter extendingfrom the upper wall to the lower wall.

In another possible embodiment, the invention relates to a capsule forpreparing a food liquid from a food substance contained in the capsuleby introducing water in the capsule and passing water through thesubstance using the centrifugal forces for producing the food liquidwhich is centrifuged peripherally in the capsule relatively to a centralaxis of the capsule corresponding to an axis of rotation during thecentrifugation, comprising:

an upper wall and a bottom wall,

a side wall connecting to the upper and lower walls and,

an enclosure containing a predetermined amount of a food substance,

wherein the capsule comprises two enclosing members connected at asealed rim,

wherein the sealed rim is configured to open under the effect ofpressure of a fluid at the interface of the two members.

An advantage of the preceding embodiment is that a closed capsule can beopened without intervention of the user. Another advantage is thatopening can be delayed thus improving the interaction between thesubstance, e.g., ground coffee, and water in the capsule. The capsulecan also be sealed in a gastight manner and include a protective gas toimprove freshness of the substance in the capsule.

In particular, the two enclosing members may be two half shelves whichare sealed along a transversal median plane. Hence, the capsule can besymmetrical relative to the median plane and it can so be used in twopossible orientations. In that respect, it can be noted that the terms“upper” and “lower” are used for practical descriptive reasons but theydo not narrow the scope of the protection.

The two members can be flexible foils which are heat or ultrasonicallysealed at a flange-like rim. Thus, the sealed rim can break ordelaminate by the pressure of liquid that is centrifuged in direction ofsaid rim. The opening by the liquid under pressure enables to controlthe residence time of the liquid in the capsule and hence improves theinteraction of water and substance in the capsule. The time delay maydepend on the sealing material at the sealed rim but it also depends onthe operational parameters (i.e., rotational speed, water quantity) ofthe system.

It should be noted that the sealed rim could also be opened by a fluidunder pressure which is not the liquid such as by a gas under pressure.A flushing of gas may be provided before the centrifugal operation toopen the outlets.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a food liquid from afood substance contained in the capsule by introducing water in thecapsule and passing water through the substance using the centrifugalforces for producing the food liquid which is centrifuged peripherallyin the capsule relatively to a central axis of the capsule correspondingto an axis of rotation during the centrifugation,

wherein the capsule comprises two enclosing members connected at asealed rim,

wherein the capsule is inserted in a centrifuging beverage preparationdevice and,

wherein the sealed rim of the capsule is opened under the effect of thepressure of a fluid at the interface of the two members.

According to the method, the pressure of fluid is the centrifugedliquid.

According to the method, the sealed rim is broken and/or delaminated forcreating outlet(s) for the release of the liquid.

The sealed rim may be opened to form discrete outlets or, on thecontrary, a continuous peripheral slot.

The opening of the outlets is preferably controlled by engaging surfacesof the beverage preparation device which are distanced from the rim by acontrolled gap.

The capsule of the invention provides many advantages over the “open”centrifugal systems of the prior art, in particular:

A higher quality of the delivered liquid obtained by the protection ofthe substance in the capsule,

A more consistent quality of the delivered liquid,

Surprisingly, a better crema for coffee (more stable),

More beverage variety by the possibility to tailor the capsuletechnology to the nature of the liquid to be delivered and/or substancein the capsule,

A more convenient operation, and

A cleaner operation.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a single-usecapsule for preparing a food liquid from a food substance contained inthe capsule by introducing water in the capsule and passing waterthrough the substance using centrifugal forces for producing the foodliquid which is centrifuged peripherally in the capsule relatively to acentral axis of the capsule corresponding to an axis of rotation duringthe centrifuging operation comprising:

an enclosure containing a predetermined amount of food substance,

a plurality of outlet openings of the enclosure for enabling the foodliquid to leave the enclosure under the centrifugal forces exerted inthe capsule during centrifugation, said outlet openings being arrangedat a peripheral portion of wall of the enclosure.

Preferably, the outlet openings are positioned and substantiallydistributed radially in said portion of wall about the central axis.

Preferably, in order to prolong the freshness of the substance in thecapsule during storage, the capsule is made of gastight material.Furthermore, the capsule comprises a sealing foil arranged between theoutlet openings and the external environment for closing the capsule ina gastight manner.

In a particular mode, the plurality of outlet openings is providedthrough an internal portion of wall in the capsule. For instance, theinternal portion of wall comprising the outlet openings is closed fromthe external environment in a gastight manner before the capsule isopened for use in the beverage production device.

Preferably, a collecting recess is provided downstream of the outletopenings of the enclosure to collect the liquid exiting the enclosure ina homogeneous flow. The collecting recess is also preferably an annularportion placed at the periphery of the capsule. The collecting recess ispreferably closed on one side by the internal portion of wall and atanother side by the sealing foil.

The capsule of the invention is thus designed to enable a liquid to beprepared from a substance contained in an enclosure of the capsule bythe effect of centrifugation obtained by rotating the capsule around anaxis of rotation which is proper to the capsule.

The plurality of openings provided in the capsule are thus properlyarranged for letting the centrifuged liquid leave the enclosure at alocation which is substantially peripheral on the enclosure around theaxis of rotation of the capsule. Depending on the size of the openings,the plurality of openings may also be given a function to filter theliquid from the solid particles that may be contained in the enclosuresuch as coffee particles. Furthermore, also when openings areparticularly small, i.e., lower than 200 microns, a certain pressuredrop, i.e., of about 0.5 to 4 bars of relative pressure, can be createdat the peripheral portion of wall.

According to an aspect of the invention, the plurality of outletopenings comprises a series of slots and/or holes provided in saidperipheral portion of wall. Slots may be appropriate as they can allowrelease of liquid at a suitable flow rate while restraining the passageof solid particles.

When slots are provided, the slots may be aligned, e.g., parallel toeach other, in at least one array along a peripheral portion of wall ofthe enclosure. The slots may be of a relatively small length, e.g., offrom 0.5 to 5 mm and a small width, e.g., of from 0.08 to 0.6 mm.

Preferably, each of the outlet openings has a diameter or width which issmaller than the average size of the particles forming the foodsubstance.

Therefore, the openings can have a filtering function ‘per se’.

The pressure drop at the portion of wall also depends on the size of theopenings, the number of openings and the total passage surface area.Therefore, the size of the opening can be designed in the portion ofwall to produce a certain pressure drop in the capsule itself. Thisenables to maintain a certain pressure in the enclosure and so improvesthe interaction between the food substance and water. Depending on thesize of the openings and the centrifugal parameters such as the rotatingspeed, the characteristics of the beverage can also be tailored, inparticular, for coffee beverages.

The diameter or width of the openings may be between 1 and 800 microns,preferably between 10 and 600 microns. The overall surface area of theopenings of the peripheral portion of wall is also preferably lower than50% of the total surface area of said portion of wall, most preferablylower than 40%. In a mode the total surface area of the openings iscomprised between 5 and 200 mm², preferably between 10 and 50 mm².

A significant pressure drop at the peripheral portion of wall can beobtained when the width or diameter of the holes are less than 200microns, e.g., between 1 and 200 microns. A pressure drop of from about1 to 4 bars, more preferably of from 2 to 3 bars, above the atmosphericpressure can be successfully obtained at the portion of wall. Forcoffee, a liquid extract with a high solids concentration comparable toa ristretto, espresso or lungo-type coffees can be successfully brewedwithin this range of pressures.

A lower pressure drop is obtained, e.g., lower than 1 bar when theopenings have a width or diameter at or above 200 microns and if no flowrestriction is placed in the flow path such as an additional valveplaced within the liquid flow path in the device that would create ahigher pressure drop. In case of a low pressure drop in the liquid flowpath, the portion of wall with the large outlet openings can serve toretain the solid particles in the enclosure. However, the liquid tendsto leave more quickly the enclosure (i.e., a higher flow rate iscreated) and less interaction takes place between water and thesubstance in the enclosure. For coffee, this may lead to a lower solidand aroma concentration of the coffee extracts comparable to afilter-type coffee.

In a possible mode, the portion of wall with the outlet openings can beformed from a paper filter or woven, non-woven fibres, meshed material,porous polymer membrane or combination thereof. In this case, part ofthe portion of wall can be formed by a band or different parts of thefilter, fibres or meshed material. The meshed material can be of metaland/or polymeric wires, for instance. The fibres can be a fabric ofpolymer and/or natural fibres. In these different cases, the openingscan be formed of the pores formed between the fibres of the material. Inparticular, polymer woven or meshed material or a porous polymermembrane can be both tear resistant and designed with a low porosity,i.e., lower than 200 microns, more preferably between 1 and 100 microns,for providing a significant pressure drop, i.e., within about 1-4 bar. Asuitable material can be a PET woven membrane.

In the preferred modes, the capsule also comprises a circumferentialbeverage collecting recess. The recess can be placed downstream of saidplurality of outlet openings, in particular, for collecting the liquidwhich is projected by centrifugation to the walls of the enclosure andthat passes through the outlet openings. The recess can be closed by thesealing lid. Therefore, before leaving the capsule, the centrifugedliquid that leaves the enclosure is collected in the collecting recess.This can ensure that a more homogeneous flow of the liquid leaves thecapsule. The recess is also provided to allocate sufficient space in thecapsule for enabling piercing members of the beverage preparation deviceto be introduced in the capsule for making beverage outlets.

According to preferred modes of the capsule, a dished body is provided.The body has, preferably, a sidewall ending by a larger opening sectionand a closed bottom wall of smaller section. The sidewall thus widens indirection of the opening end.

Preferably, a lid is assembled onto the dished body to close the openend of the body and thus to define with the body, an enclosure whichcontains the food substance. In particular, the portion of wallcomprising the outlet openings can be part of the lid. Such aconfiguration is relatively simpler to industrially produce andassemble.

In a particular mode, the lid comprises at least one portion of theperipheral recess forming a means for collecting the beverage passingthrough the outlet openings. For example, the capsule comprises at itsperiphery, an annular groove of U-shaped section opening outwards, i.e.,in a direction opposed to the inside of enclosure, and forming thecollecting recessed means. The groove is provided with an inner portionof wall into which are provided the openings, e.g., a series ofperipheral slots. The groove can further comprise an outer portionforming an engaging edge which bears onto an inner bearing portion ofthe dished body. The engaging edge can form a sufficiently sealedinterface with the bearing portion of the dished body for preventingliquid from by-passing the openings.

The collecting recess can extend continuously at the periphery of thelid for enabling the centrifuged liquid to better distribute outwardlybefore leaving the capsule.

In an alternative mode, the collecting recess can be part of the body.For example, the body can be a thermoformed plastic member including therecess. Preferably, the recess is placed at the widened open section ofthe body.

In a preferred mode, a gastight sealing foil covers at least a portionof the lid. In particular, the sealing foil covers at least thecollecting recess. The collecting recess can thus be gas tightly closedbefore the capsule is used in the beverage production device. As aresult, no air from the external atmosphere actually enters the capsule,before its use, through the outlet openings provided in the enclosure,e.g., through the inner portion of lid. The substance, such as coffee ormilk, is thus less subject to possible oxidation.

In a mode, the sealing foil is permanently sealed onto the dished bodyand/or lid and is so made puncturable by piercing water injection means.At the same time, one or more outlets can be formable in the foil forenabling the liquid to leave the capsule, for example, by piercing withone or more piercing/puncturing member foreign to the capsule, e.g.,several needles of the beverage production device. For instance, threeor four outlets can be pierced in the foil in the region of thecollecting recess to enable the centrifuged liquid to leave the capsulean equal number of streams. In another mode, the sealing foil isremovably sealed onto the dished body and/or lid and is thus madepeelable. In such case, the foil is removed before being inserted in thebeverage production device.

In order to enable the sealing foil to be applied onto the dished body,the dished body comprises a peripheral rim for sealing of the foil.Sealing can be applied by ultrasounds or thermal welding for example.

The lid of the capsule can therefore form an inner member which isassembled into the dished body such as by simple insertion or byadditional connection means such as welding. When a sealing foil isassembled onto the lid and sealed to the rim of the dished body, the lidcan be simply inserted onto a seat of the body, e.g., at the peripheralinner edge of the dished body without further connection, since the foilsealed with sufficient tension at the rim, can prevent the lid fromdislodging from the seat of the body.

In additional features of the invention, the lid can comprise at leastone inlet port defining a passage for a water injector to be introducedin the capsule. The inlet port in the lid may be normally closed by apuncturable small portion of plastic wall, or can be left open. It maybe advantageous to maintain the inlet port closed, e.g., by a breakableplastic part, for preventing substance such as coffee particles fromfreely leaving the enclosure and occupying the interstice between thelid and the sealing foil. The inlet port is aligned at the central axisof rotation of the capsule. Indeed, when the port is aligned, the waterinjection part of the beverage production device may be a fixed part ofthe device and not a rotating part. This greatly simplifies theconstruction of the device. In another possible feature, the inlet portforms a tubular portion that widens in the direction of the enclosure.Widening of this portion promotes the ejection of water inside theenclosure during the centrifugation.

In the context of the invention, the capsule can contain food substancesamong a large choice of food ingredients or mixtures of foodingredients. In particular, the substance can be chosen among theingredients consisting of: ground coffee, soluble coffee, dairy basedpowder, dairy or non-dairy creamer, cocoa, sweetener, leaf tea, herbaltea, soluble tea, culinary powder, soluble or dispersible nutritionalcomposition, liquid food concentrate and combinations thereof. Thecapsule can be formed of gastight packaging materials for maintainingthe freshness of the substance in the capsule as long as possible. Inparticular, the dished body can be formed of food grade plastics and atleast one gas barrier layer. For example, the dished body is athermoformed plastic laminate comprising at least one layer ofpolypropylene (PP) and at least one EVOH gas barrier layer. The dishedbody and/or lid can be thermoformed or injected in plastics. The lid canbe also a porous membrane made of polymer such as PET. In analternative, the body and/or lid can be deep drawn from thin metal suchas aluminium alloy or a complex of plastic and aluminium alloy.

The invention also relates to a capsule for preparing a food liquid froma food substance contained in the capsule by introducing water in thecapsule and passing water through the substance using centrifugal forcesfor producing the food liquid which is centrifuged peripherally in thecapsule relatively to a central axis of the capsule corresponding to anaxis of rotation during the centrifuging operation comprising:

a cup-shaped body for receiving a predetermined amount of foodsubstance,

a portion of wall for delimiting with the body an enclosure containing afood substance, said portion of wall comprising at its periphery aplurality of openings for enabling the food liquid to leave theenclosure under the effect of centrifugation,

a closing membrane connected to the body for closing the capsule in agas-tight manner and,

a collecting recess between said portion of wall and said closingmembrane.

The invention also relates to a system for preparing a liquid food froma food substance contained in a receptacle by passing water through thesubstance using centrifugal forces comprising:

a device for receiving the receptacle, said device comprising means fordriving the receptacle in centrifugation around an axis of rotation,

the receptacle is removable and forms a single-use capsule whichcomprises an enclosure with a portion of wall comprising a plurality ofradial or peripheral outlet openings.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a system forpreparing a food liquid from a food substance contained in a receptacleby passing water through the substance using centrifugal forcescomprising:

a device for receiving the receptacle, said device comprising means fordriving the receptacle in centrifugation around an axis of rotation,

wherein the receptacle is removable and forms a single-use capsule and,

wherein a flow restriction means is arranged in the flow path of thecentrifuged liquid capable of providing a certain pressure drop duringcentrifugation.

The flow restriction means can be configured for providing a pressuredrop of at least 0.5 bar of relative pressure during centrifugation.Preferably, the flow restriction means is configured for providing apressure drop of between 1 and 6 bars, most preferably between 1.5 and 4bars, of relative pressure during centrifugation.

According to an important aspect of the invention, a flow restrictionwithin the flow path of the centrifuged liquid enables to control therelease of the centrifuged liquid for improving the interaction of waterwith the substance within the capsule as well as providing eventuallyfoam to the liquid by the pressure release and the shear stresses whichare created at the restriction. More particularly, the flow restrictionmeans enables to maintain a pressure of several bars at the periphery ofthe enclosure and so retards the release of the liquid.

In a possible mode, the device comprises a flow restriction means whichis arranged after the outlet(s) of the capsule.

In particular, the flow restriction means can be part of the deviceitself.

In a preferred mode, the flow restriction means of the device comprisesa valve means which opens or enlarge a liquid passage when a sufficientpressure of the centrifuged liquid is exerted on the valve means so thatthe liquid can release from the capsule out of the device.

The flow restriction means can be placed at or after the outlet of thecapsule.

In a possible mode, a flow restriction means can be arranged in thecapsule itself. In particular, a flow restriction means can be formed byopenings. The openings may be a series of slots or holes in a peripheralportion of wall of the enclosure. Preferably, the series of slots orholes have a width or diameter that is lower than the average particlesize of the substance contained in the enclosure of the capsule.

Preferably, the outlet openings of the enclosure of the capsule have anaverage diameter or width which is smaller than the average size of theparticles forming the food substance.

Therefore, the openings can have a filtering function ‘per se’.

The pressure drop at the portion of wall also depends on the size of theopenings and free opening surface area of the openings. Therefore, thesize of the opening and free opening surface area of the openings can bedesigned in the portion of wall to produce a certain pressure drop inthe capsule itself. This enable to maintain a certain pressure in theenclosure and so improves the interaction between the food substance andwater. Depending on the size of the openings and the centrifugalparameters such as the rotating speed, the characteristics of thebeverage can also be tailored, in particular, for coffee beverages.

Preferably, the diameter or width of the openings may be between 10 and600 microns. Preferably, the total surface area of the openings iscomprised between 5 and 200 mm². Most preferably, the total surface areais comprised between 10 and 50 mm².

A significant pressure drop at the peripheral portion of wall can beobtained when the width or diameter of the holes are less than 200microns, e.g., between 1 and 200 microns. A pressure drop of from about1 to 4 bar, more preferably of from 2 to 3 bar, above the atmosphericpressure can be successfully obtained at the portion of wall.

For coffee, a liquid extract with a high solids concentration comparableto a ristretto, espresso or lungo-type coffees can be successfullybrewed within this range of pressures.

A lower pressure drop is obtained, e.g., lower than 1 bar when theopenings have a width or diameter at or above 200 microns and if no flowrestriction is placed in the flow path such as an additional valveplaced within the liquid flow path in the device that would create ahigher pressure drop. In case of a low pressure drop in the liquid flowpath, the portion of wall with the large outlet openings can serve toretain the solid particles in the enclosure. However, the liquid tendsto leave more quickly the enclosure (i.e., a higher flow rate iscreated) and less interaction takes place between water and thesubstance in the enclosure. For coffee, this may lead to a lower solidand aroma concentration of the coffee extracts comparable to afilter-type coffee.

Preferably, the flow restriction means of the device comprises a valvemeans of the device, which is arranged at or after the outlet(s) of thecapsule, for opening when a certain pressure is exerted on the valvemeans so that the liquid can release from the capsule out of the device.

In a possible mode, both the device and capsule comprise flowrestriction means. Alternatively, the flow restriction means is presentin the capsule and not in the device.

A valve means in the device provides the advantage of a control of thepressure of liquid exerted in the capsule at the level of the device.The valve means can be designed to open at a certain pressure threshold,for example by calibration or adjustment, for matching the features ofvarious or specific beverages, e.g., coffee extract, tea extract,instant beverages, etc.

As a result, the system of the invention provides a solution forpreparing a food liquid wherein a controlled release of the food liquidcan be carried out. For example, the release of liquid can be delayeduntil a certain pressure is exerted on the valve means which issufficient to form a passage for flow of liquid. A delayed opening ofthe valve means enables to improve the interaction between water and thesubstance contained in the capsule. For coffee, for example, it may beadvantageous to optimize interaction of water and the ground coffeeparticles to obtain a good extraction of the coffee and aroma compounds.Moreover, the valve means provides a restriction which may improve thecreation of foam or coffee crema.

The valve means can be formed by at least one engaging portion of thedevice which moves relatively to an engaging portion of the capsuleunder the effect of the pressurized liquid for making a thin annularlaminating passage for the liquid. The engaging portion of the capsulecan be, for instance, a radial portion of edge of the capsule. Thelaminating passage also enables to create a liquid jet of relativelyhigh velocity that impacts on a wall of the device. As a result, arelatively high amount of foam can be created both due to therestriction that is created by the valve means and by the impact of theliquid on the impact surface of the device at a relatively high velocityduring centrifugation. Depending on the amount of pressure exerted onthe valve means by the centrifuged liquid, the restriction caused by thevalve means can differ in amplitude.

According to an aspect of the invention, at least one of said engagingportions of the valve means is spring loaded to move away relatively tothe other engaging portion under the force of the centrifuged liquid. Inparticular, the engaging portion of the device can be associated to aspring loading member. For instance, the spring loading member is arubber elastic member or a mechanical spring. The spring loading membercan be an O-ring, an helicoidal or blade-type spring or any equivalentmeans.

For example, the engaging portion of the valve means can also comprisean annular pressing edge which is arranged to seal on the engagingportion of the capsule. The pressing edge may take different forms suchas a V, W or U shape in order to exert a sufficient sealing pressure onthe capsule when the pressure of liquid is still under a predeterminedthreshold.

In a mode, the annular rim of the capsule can also be deflectable tomove away from the engaging portion of the valve means under the effectof the pressurized fluid. The engaging portion of the valve means canalso be fixed or resiliently mobile and the engaging portion of thecapsule can be deflectable under the effect of pressurized liquid. Thus,the effect of valve can also be obtained partially or totally by adeflecting part of the capsule that deflects under the pressure ofliquid that exits the capsule.

In a preferred mode, the device comprises a water injection subassemblyfor injecting water in the capsule comprising at least one piercingmember that is substantially aligned with the axis of rotation of thecapsule. Preferably, the piercing member has a tubular passage forinjecting water into the capsule along said axis of rotation.

The invention also relates to a liquid food preparation device forpreparing a liquid food from a food substance contained in a single-usecapsule, removably insertable in the device, by passing water throughthe substance using centrifugal forces comprising:

water injection means for introducing water in the capsule,

means for positioning and centering the receptacle along an axis ofrotation, and

means for driving the capsule in centrifugation around the axis ofrotation,

wherein it comprises a flow restriction means which is arranged withinthe flow path of the centrifuged liquid.

Preferably, the flow restriction means comprises valve means which isarranged at or after at least one outlet of the capsule for opening whena certain pressure is exerted thereon by the pressurized liquid forenabling the liquid to be released from the capsule.

In a possible mode, the valve means can be calibrated or adjusted toselectively open a liquid passage through the device at a threshold ofpressure in the capsule.

In a preferred mode, the valve means can be formed by at least oneengaging portion of the device which is adapted to move relatively to anengaged portion of the capsule under the effect of the pressurizedliquid exiting the capsule, for making a thin annular laminating passagefor the liquid.

The valve means can be formed by at least one engaging portion whichmoves relatively to another engaging portion under the effect of thepressurized liquid exiting the capsule, for making a thin annularlaminating passage for the liquid.

In a possible mode, the flow restriction means comprises a peripheralportion of wall of the capsule placed in the liquid flow path exitingthe enclosure of the capsule and comprising outlet openings of less than200 microns, more preferably between 10 and 150 microns. At this size ofthe openings, a pressure drop of several bars can be maintained in theenclosure which is efficient for enabling an efficient interactionbetween water and the substance, in particular, for ground coffee. Theoverall surface area of the openings of the peripheral portion of wallis also preferably lower than 50% of the total surface area of saidportion of wall, most preferably lower than 40%.

The invention further relates to a method for preparing a food liquidfrom a food substance contained in a receptacle by passing water throughthe substance using centrifugal forces comprising:

driving the receptacle in centrifugal rotation while introducing waterin the capsule,

passing water through the substance to form a food liquid, and

collecting the centrifuged food liquid,

characterized in that:

the receptacle is a single-use capsule and,

a flow restriction means is arranged within the flow path of thecentrifuged liquid.

In a preferred mode, the flow restriction means comprises a valve meansallowing food liquid to be released only when a certain pressure of thecentrifuged liquid is reached at the valve means.

Preferably, the selective release of beverage is controlled by aspring-biased valve.

The flow restriction means can comprise a plurality of outlet openingssuch as slots or holes which can be provided in a peripheral portion ofwall of the capsule.

The flow restriction means can comprise the combination of a valve meansfor controlling the release of centrifuged liquid at a certain thresholdof pressure and a plurality of outlet openings provided in the capsule.The plurality of outlet openings is preferably provided in an inner wallof the capsule and a collecting recess of the capsule is placeddownstream of the inner wall. The collecting recess can be delimited bythe inner wall and a pierceable surface of the capsule

The method further comprises controlling the release of food liquid by aspring-biased valve.

In particular, the food liquid leaves the capsule by at least one outletpierced through an upper pierceable surface of the capsule. Inparticular, several outlets are pierced in the upper surface of thecapsule which are spaced apart on the upper surface and close to thesidewall of the surface. According to the method of the invention, watercan be introduced in the capsule along the rotation axis of the capsule.Water can be introduced at relatively low pressure or a pressure closeto gravity.

As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, a preferred capsule 101 of the inventiongenerally comprises a dished body 102 onto which is sealed a sealingfoil 103. The sealing foil 103 is sealed onto a peripheral rim 104 ofthe body at a sealing annular portion 105. The rim 104 can extendoutwards forming a small annular portion, e.g., of about 2-5 mm. Thedished body comprises a bottom wall 106 and a side wall 107 whichpreferably widens in direction of the large open end of the body opposedto the bottom wall. The dished body is preferably rigid or semi-rigid.It can be formed of a food grade plastics, e.g., polypropylene, with agas barrier layer such as EVOH and the like or aluminium alloy or acomplex of plastic and aluminium alloy. The sealing foil 103 can be madeof a thinner material such as a plastic laminate also including abarrier layer or aluminium alloy or a combination of plastic andaluminium alloy. The sealing foil is usually of a thickness between 30and 250 microns, for example. The sealing foil member can be pierced forcreating the water inlet and the beverage outlet(s) as will be describedlater in the description.

In relation to the embodiment of FIGS. 28 to 31, the capsule of theinvention comprises an inner member forming a lid 108 which is insertedin the dished body. The lid 108 and body 102 delimit together aninternal enclosure 114 for receiving the food substance 122. Preferably,the capsule forms a symmetry of revolution around a central axis AA.However, it should be noted that the capsule may not necessarily have acircular section around axis AA but may take another form such as asquare or a polygonal form. The lid 108 is illustrated in FIGS. 130 and131. The lid can take the form of a disc of plastic comprising a centralportion 109 and a peripheral portion 110. The central portion can besubstantially flat and may comprise a inlet port 111 for enabling theintroduction of a water injection member of the beverage productiondevice. In the internal side 112 of the lid, the inlet port can extendby a tubular inlet portion 113 which serves for ensuring the water isguided toward the direction of the bottom of the body to ensure completewetting of the substance in the enclosure and so reduced risk of leavingfor example “dry powder spots”. Preferably, the inlet port is closed bya breakable or puncturable closure part 115. This part serves to preventsubstance of the enclosure from filling the interstice between the uppersurface of the lid and the sealing foil.

The lid further comprises a peripheral portion 110 including acollecting recess 116. The collecting recess forms a U-shape intransversal section (FIG. 28) which opens in the direction of thesealing foil. The recess is preferably continuously extending at theperiphery of the lid although it can be replaced by severaldiscontinuous recessed portions which may be separated by reinforcingelements or walls, for example. The collecting recess comprises an innerperipheral portion of wall 117 into which is provided a series of outletopenings 118 forming a fluid communication between the enclosure 114 andthe collecting recess 116.

Preferably, the capsule is dimensioned so that it provides an optimalreceptacle into which liquid can centrifuge from the central axistowards the peripheral portion 117. In particular, the upper wall formedby the sealing membrane 103 has a width “W₁” which is greater than thewidth “W₂” of the bottom wall 106 of the capsule. For example, W₁ iscomprised between 1.2 and 2 times the width W₂, most preferably, 1.3 and1.8 times W₂. The distance “T” between the upper wall and the bottomwall is also preferably comprised between 0.15 and 1.0 times W₁. Forinstance, the enclosure of the capsule has upper wall of W₁ (diameter)between 50 and 120 mm, a lower wall of W₂ (diameter) between 30 and 80mm and a thickness “T” of between 10-50 mm. The angle “Q” of thewidening side wall is preferably lower than 80 degrees relative to theupper wall, preferably comprised between 50 and 70 degrees.

The outlet openings also form a restriction in the flow of thecentrifuged liquid in the enclosure. The centrifuged liquid is forced topass the openings which can be sized as a function of the type ofbeverage to be produced. For instance, for espresso or ristretto coffeeextract, it can be advantageous to provide smaller openings than forlungo or “Americano” coffee extract. For a same rotational speed,smaller openings create a higher resistance to the centrifuged liquidwhich remains longer in the capsule. As a consequence, the interactionbetween water and the coffee particles is higher and liquid can chargemore in coffee solids.

As illustrated in this embodiment, the openings may be slots or holeswhich are distributed at intervals in the inner peripheral portion ofwall 117. For example, the number of slots can range of from 5 to 200,preferably of from 10 to 100. These slots have preferably a width thatis smaller than the statistical average size of the particles of thesubstance. For example, the slots have a width of less than 500 microns,preferably lower than 400 microns, most preferably between 50 and 200microns, for a substance which is ground coffee. The slots may extend ifnecessary on the central portion 109 or in the bottom of the recess 116.The slots can be replaced by holes of circular section having a diametersmaller than the statistical average size of the particles of thesubstance.

The collecting recess 116 forms a peripheral annular groove of smalldepth, e.g., between 2 and 10 mm to allow the introduction of piercingmembers through the sealing foil to produce outlets for the brewedliquid which is produced in the capsule as will explained later in thedescription. The collecting recess is open upwardly toward the sealingmembrane which seals it. The collecting recess 116 further comprises anouter peripheral portion 119 forming an edge bearing onto a seat portion120 of the dished body. The outer portion 119 can be engaged in the seatportion 120 by a more or less tight fit engagement. An additionalsealing portion 121 extending along the internal surface of the sidewall of the body and in the direction of the bottom of the dished bodycan extend from the recess to create further sealing against possibleingress of liquid between the lid and the inner surface of the body ofthe capsule. Of course, the form of the collecting recessed means cantake different configurations without departing from the scope of theinvention. For example, the recess 116 can be formed by the lid 108 andthe side wall 107 of the dished body (as illustrated in FIG. 38). Inthis case, the outer peripheral portion 119 can be omitted.

As illustrated in the figures, the series of outlet openings, e.g.,slots 118, are preferably placed at or close to the widening part of theenclosure relative to the central axis AA. Therefore, the centrifugedliquid will tend to be guided along the inner surface of the side wallof the body, up to the inner side 112 of the lid, and then through theslots.

The lid 108 is fully closed by the sealing foil 103 when it is sealedonto the rim of the dished body. In a possible alternative, the sealingfoil could cover only the collecting recess including the region of theslots.

It should be noticed that the lid 108 can be a rigid or semi-rigidmember made of thermoformed or injected plastic for instance. However,this part could also be made of a flexible membrane which is sealed tothe inner surface of the dished body without departing from the scope ofthe invention.

It can also be noticed that a filter wall can also be placed inside theenclosure against the inside surface 112 of the lid. A filter wall canprovide an improved filtration, for example, for substance of very thinparticle size and/or for delaying the release of the centrifuged liquidout of the enclosure by creating a higher pressure drop. A filter wallcan be a paper filter or thin plastic film which is glued onto thesurface 112 of the lid.

The lid can be simply inserted in the dished shaped body or be fixed byany suitable connection means such as by ultrasonic welding.

In one embodiment of the invention, the system includes a capsule of theinvention and a beverage preparation device, as illustrated in FIGS. 32and 33.

Thus, the system comprises a capsule 101 as aforementioned and abeverage preparation device 123. The device has a module 124 into whicha capsule can be inserted. The capsule contains a food substance forbeing brewed and the capsule is removed from the module after use forbeing discarded (e.g., for waste or recycling of the organic andinorganic raw materials). The module 124 is in fluid communication witha water supply such as a water reservoir 125. A fluid transport meanssuch as a pump 126 is provided in the fluid circuit 127 between themodule and the water supply. A water heater 128 is further provided toheat water in the fluid circuit before water enters the module. Thewater heater can be inserted in the fluid circuit to heat fresh watercoming from the reservoir or alternatively can be in the water reservoirthat becomes a water boiler in such case. Of course, water can also betaken directly from a domestic water supply via a water plug connection.

Water can be fed in the beverage preparation module 124 at low pressureor even at gravity pressure. For example, a pressure of between 0 and 2bar above atmospheric pressure can be envisaged at the water inlet ofthe module. For instance, the water pump can deliver a water pressureand flow rate sufficient to provide a continuous water flow (i.e.,without flow shortage due to the centrifuge pumping effect in thecapsule) at the operational centrifugal speeds during centrifugation.Water at higher pressure than 2 bar could also be delivered if apressure pump is utilized such a piston pump.

The brewing module 124 can comprise two main capsule encasingsub-assemblies 129, 130; mainly comprising a water injectionsub-assembly or water injection head and a liquid receiving subassemblyincluding a capsule holder. The two subassemblies form positioning andcentering means for the capsule in the device.

The two assemblies close together to encase a capsule therein forexample by a bayonet-type connection system 131. The liquid receivingsubassembly 130 comprises a liquid duct 132, for example, protruding ona side of the subassembly for guiding the centrifuged liquid coming outof the capsule to a service receptacle such as a cup or glass. Theliquid duct is in communication with a liquid receiver 133 forming anannular U- or V-shaped cavity 163 placed about a capsule holder formedby a rotating drum 34 into which the capsule is inserted as illustratedin FIG. 33. The liquid receiver defines with the drum an intermediatecavity 163 for collecting the liquid as will be explained later in thedescription. Below the liquid receiving subassembly 130, are placedmeans for driving the capsule receiving drum 134 in rotation inside thesubassembly.

The driving means comprise preferably a rotary motor 140 which can besupplied by electricity or gas power.

The water injection subassembly comprises a water inlet side comprisinga water inlet 135 communicating upstream with the water fluid circuit127.

In relation to FIGS. 34 and 35, the rotary drum 134 is shaped as ahollow capsule holder with an internal cavity 136 complementary shapedto receive the capsule. The rotary drum 134 prolongs itself axially by arotating shaft 137 which is maintained in rotational relationshiprelative to an outer base 138 of the liquid receiver 133 by a rotationalguiding means 139 like a ball bearing or needle bearing. Therefore, therotary drum is designed to rotate around a median axis I whereas theouter base 138 of the receiver is fixed relative to the device. Theliquid receiver 133 can be fixed to a housing 143 of the motor by bolts144 for example. A mechanical coupling 141 is placed at the interfacebetween the rotating shaft 137 of the drum and the shaft 142 of themotor 140.

Considering the water injection subassembly 129, as illustrated in FIGS.35 and 36, it comprises a centrally arranged water injector 145 which isfixed relative to longitudinal axis I of the device. The water injectorcomprises a central tubular member 146 for transporting water from theinlet 135 to a water outlet 147 that is intended to protrude inside theenclosure 114 of the capsule. The water outlet is formed of a puncturingmeans 148 such as a sharp tubular tip that is able to create a puncturehole through the closing foil of the capsule and through the eventualbreakable part of the tubular inlet 113 of the lid.

About the water injector is mounted a capsule rotary engaging part 149.The engaging part 149 has a central bore for receiving the waterinjector and rotational guiding means such as a ball or needle bearing150 inserted between the part 149 and the injector 145. The engagingpart further comprises outlet piercing members 151, 152, 153, 154protruding from a disc-shaped engaging wall 155 of the part 149. Thepiercing members can be small cylindrical portions with a slantedcutting surface able to cut or perforate small holes in the sealing foil103 of the capsule. The piercing members are arranged at the peripheryof the wall 155, preferably evenly distributed to provide severalopenings in the capsule for the centrifuged liquid to leave the capsuleforming several streams of liquid. Of course, it is possible to have thewater injector 145 be a rotary element in conjunction with the capsule.In such case, the water injector can be fixed to the rotary part 149 andthe two parts can rotate together along axis I.

According to one aspect of the invention, the water injectionsubassembly 129 further comprises a valve system 156 for controlling theflow of liquid that is discharged from the device. The valve system 156can be arranged on the capsule rotary engaging part 149 in the form ofan annular engaging portion 157 which is biased under the force ofelastic loading means 158 such as springs. The annular engaging portion157 includes a pressing peripheral surface 159 which applies a closingforce on the peripheral rim 104 of the capsule to be able to restrictthe flow of liquid under the force of the elastic loading means. Thesurface 159 can form a cone or “V” for increasing the sealing pressurein a localized area. The engaging portion 157 further comprise aninternal base portion 160. The elastic loading means 158 is thusinserted in a space located between the base portion 160 and acounter-force portion 161 of the engaging part 149. Therefore, at a restposition, the engaging portion 157 of the valve system keeps closing onthe rim of the capsule under the compressive effect of the resilientmeans 158.

The capsule engaging subassembly 129 may further comprise a tubularportion of skirt 162 which protrudes in the internal annular chamber 163of the liquid receiving subassembly 130 when the two subassemblies areclosed relatively one another about a capsule. This tubular portion ofskirt 162 forms an impact wall for the centrifuged liquid under pressurethat passes through the valve system. This portion 162 is preferablyfixed on the subassembly 129. The subassembly further comprises ahandling portion 164 for facilitating the connection on the liquidreceiving subassembly 130. This handling portion 164 can have a knurledperipheral surface for handling. The handling portion can be fixed onthe fixed base of the subassembly 129 by screws 167.

This portion could of course be replaced by a lever mechanism or asimilar handling means.

As already mentioned, connection means are provided for the relativeconnection of the two subassemblies 129, 130. For example, small pins165 are provided on the side of the tubular surface of the waterinjection subassembly 129 which can engage side locking openings 166 onthe tubular surface of the liquid receiving subassembly 130. Therefore,connection between the two subassemblies can be carried out by arotational angular or helical closure movement for enabling the pins toengage the oblong openings 166. Of course, other connection means can beenvisaged to replace this bayonet-type connection means. For instance, athreading means or a translational closure means can be envisaged by anyperson skilled in the art.

The capsule system of the invention works basically according to thefollowing principle. The capsule device is opened by moving the twosubassemblies 129, 130 relatively one another, e.g., by disconnectingthe bayonet-type connection and separating the two subassemblies 129,130. As a result, a single-use sealed capsule 101 containing a foodsubstance, such as a dose of roast and ground coffee, can inserted inthe device, i.e., placed in the cavity of the rotating drum 136. Thecapsule can be placed in the device while the capsule being gastightclosed by the sealing foil 103. The device is then closed by thesubassembly 129 being connected back onto the subassembly 130 and lockedby the connection means. In the locked position, the capsule is openedby the water injector that pierces through the sealing foil of thecapsule and introducing itself through the water inlet 135 of thecapsule. At the same time, several liquid outlets are pierced at theperiphery of the sealing foil by the outlet piercing members 151, 152,153, 154. Water can thus be introduced in the capsule via the centralwater injector 145. Venting holes can be produced in the injectionsubassemblies to allow gas to escape the capsule while water isintroduced in. The capsule can be driven in rotation by activating therotary motor 140. The start of the centrifugal operation can be carriedout at the same time as water injection start being introduced in thecapsule or slightly after or before this water injection operationstarts.

For instance, it might be advantageous for brewing ground coffee, toallow during several seconds that water fills in the capsule beforestarting the centrifugal operation by rotating the capsule. Thus, watercan properly infiltrate in the coffee before, the liquid is centrifugedthereby avoiding coffee area to remain dry in the coffee portion.

The centrifugation is carried out by rotating the capsule around thecentral axis I of rotation of the device that is preferably aligned tothe central axis AA of the capsule. The rotational speed is preferablyof from 1000 to 12000 round-per-minutes (rpm), more preferably of from1500 to 9000 rpm. A control unit can be provided in the device forsetting the rotational speed according to the nature of the liquid to bebrewed and/or the substance in the capsule. The higher the rotationalspeed, the higher the pressure is exerted at the peripheral wall of thecapsule and the more the substance is compacted on the sidewall of thecapsule. It is important to notice that higher rotational speeds promotebrewing of coffee extract containing a lower solid content since theresidence time of liquid in the coffee bed is shorter. Lower rotationalspeeds provide coffee of higher strength (coffee solid content) sincethe residence time of liquid in the capsule is longer. Brewing takesplace in the capsule by water traversing the substance thereby providingan extraction or partial or total dispersion or dissolution of thesubstance. As a result, a centrifuged liquid is allowed to pass throughthe plurality of outlet openings 18 provided in the capsule, e.g.,through the lid 108.

Under the effect of centrifugal forces, the substance, such as coffeepowder, tends to compact itself radially against the peripheral walls107, 117 of the enclosure of the capsule, whereas water is forced toflow through the substance. This results in the substance being bothcompacted and intimately wetted by water. Due to the high rotationalmovement of the capsule, the centrifugal forces exert themselvesuniformly on the mass of the substance. Consequently, the waterdistribution is also more uniform compared to known methods using apressure pump to provide a water piston through the coffee in thecapsule. As a result, there is lower risk of preferential flow paththrough the substance which could lead to areas which are not properlywetted and so not properly brewed, dispersed or dissolved. With groundcoffee powder, the liquid that reaches the internal sidewall of thecapsule is a liquid extract. This liquid extract is then forced to flowupwards along the internal surface of the sidewall of the capsule. Thewidening of the sidewall 107 of the capsule promotes the upward flow ofthe liquid in the capsule in direction of the openings.

These outlet openings 118 of the enclosure of the capsule are sized as afunction of the substance stored in the capsule. Small openings such asslots of small width or holes of small diameter tend to provide afiltering function to retain the solid particles in the enclosure of thecapsule while allowing only the liquid extract to pass the openings.Also as aforementioned, the openings may also provide a flow restrictionthat impacts on the interaction of water with the substance and on thecreation of foam or crema on the top of the beverage. These holes alsoform sufficient restrictions that create shear forces and consequentlygenerate foam or coffee crema. Some gas contained in the capsule canbecome entrapped in the liquid and forms, due to the pressure releaseafter the flow restriction, a multitude of small bubbles in the liquid.

Also, the valve system 156 of the device can start opening as pressureof liquid increases on the valve when liquid leaves the capsule.Therefore, a certain time delay before opening can be controlled by thevalve system to enable sufficient interaction between water and thesubstance contained in the capsule. This controlled delay depends onvarious parameters such as the centrifugal speed, the force exerted bythe elastic loading means (i.e., spring stiffness), the pressure drop ascreated by the substance and outlet openings, etc. The opening of thevalve system occurs by the pressing surface 159 of the valve systemlifting as pressure of liquid increases on its internal surface. It canbe noted that the capsule of the rim can also be substantially flexibleto flex under the effect of the pressure of liquid. Therefore, therelative movement between the pressing surface and the capsule create asmall annular passage for the liquid to escape out of the smallinterstice upstream of the valve system. At relatively high rotationalspeeds, a peripheral jet of liquid can be formed that impacts on theinternal surface of the portion of skirt 162. The liquid starts to fillthe cavity 168 of the liquid receiving subassembly and liquid can drainthrough the liquid duct 132 to be collected in a cup or glass placedunderneath.

In another mode of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 37 and 38, thesame numeral references have been taken to identify the same orequivalent technical means. In this mode, the valve system 156 differsin that the elastic loading means is obtained by a rubber elastic O-ring169 inserting between a lower member comprising a pinching surface 159and an upper fixed portion 161 of the water injection subassembly 129.The O-ring is maintained in place between two concave surfaces 170, 171of the valve system. Again during brewing, the pressure of liquid in thecapsule tends to lift the pinching surface 159 to create an annularpassage between the rim 104 of the capsule and the pinching surface. Thepinching surface can be shaped with a sharp tip or edge that can createa concentration of the pinching forces onto the rim. Of course, it couldbe imagined that the elastic loading means 169 and the pinching memberare the same element. For example, the pinching member can be made ofrubber-elastic material.

In the embodiment shown in mode of FIGS. 37 and 38, the water injectorcan be a simple water outlet connectable to an inlet of the capsule withno puncture means. In this case, the capsule is pre-opened before it isinserted in the device, i.e., the sealing foil is removed by peeling, ora central hole is perforated in the foil before the capsule is insertedin the device. Furthermore, a water-tight sealing engagement of thewater injector can be performed by a water-tight sealing means 172 whichapplies a certain water-tight sealing pressure on the top surface of thecapsule. Therefore, water is prevented from leaking along the topsurface of the capsule and from by-passing the capsule to releasedirectly through the liquid outlet.

Another preferred embodiment of the capsule of the invention isillustrated in FIGS. 39 and 40. The general structure of the capsule isthe same as for the previous embodiment except that the outlet openingsare formed by a filter paper, a woven or non-woven filtering portion oranother meshed or porous membrane 720. Thus, the lid 108 which isinserted in the dished body 102 comprises a circumferential band of aporous material. The porous material provides restriction of the flow,creating a certain pressure drop, e.g., between 0.5 and 4 bar, andleading to a filtering of the solid particles. In particular, the sizeof the pores of the material can be chosen to retain also the coffeefines, i.e., the particles of particle size as low as 90 microns.Preferably, the porosity is lower than 200 microns, e.g., comprisedbetween 2 and 200 microns. The pressure drop is also obtained when theoverall open surface of the porous band is lower than 50% of the totalsurface area of the surface of the band. The paper, fabric, meshed orporous material can be formed of a band or bands which can be welded orotherwise combined to the lid. The band could have a width of between0.5 and 2 cm for example. The lid also comprises an annular recess 116for collecting the centrifuged liquid which travels through theperipheral filter band. A sealing membrane 108 covers the lid and closesthe capsule in a gastight manner. The sealing membrane preferably sealsonto the flange-like rim 104 of the body of the capsule. The lid canfurther comprises a central conical portion 113 extending in theenclosure of the capsule to guide water in the capsule. The capsule hasingredients 122 such as ground coffee which at rest occupies part of theenclosure as illustrated in FIG. 39. However, it is evident that duringthe centrifugation, the ingredient will be quickly moved by centrifugeeffect on the sidewall 107 and against the filter band 720.

Preferably, the enclosure is made large enough, with a head space, toenable the substance to move to the peripheral walls duringcentrifugation. Preferably, the volume of the substance occupies, beforecentrifugation, less than 95% of the total volume of the enclosure ofthe capsule, more preferably less than 85% of the total volume. It canbe noted that the substance can be placed in the enclosure, of any ofthe described capsules, as loose particles being able to flow in theenclosure freely. In an alternative, the substance can be placed as amass of compacted particles. If the mass of particles is compacted, itis preferred that the mass has the shape of a torus so that water canenter in the centre of the torus at the inner side and then transfer tothe external side of the torus by centrifugal effect. Due to the upwardcentrifugal vector, the torus may also be shaped to have a larger uppersurface and a narrower lower surface, e.g., with a triangularcross-section, so as to better conform to the filter part of thecapsule.

In another preferred embodiment, the lid comprises a recess 116 whichcan be filled by a porous compressible material to provide a filteringfunction as well. For example, the material could be sponge or fabric.

According to FIGS. 41 and 42, the capsule in the system of the inventionmay also comprise an enclosure which is formed of a dished body 102 anda porous wall 180. The dished body comprises a main cavity 182 forstoring the food substance and a peripheral recess 181 for receiving theliquid extract that traverses the porous wall 180 during thecentrifugation process. The recess 181 is delimited by an inner edge 183and an outer rim 184. The porous wall 180 can be attached to an inneredge 183 of the recess 181. A gastight foil membrane 186 is preferablyattached onto the outer rim 184 of the body. The inner edge ispreferably placed below the outer rim in order to leave a free space 185between porous wall 180 and the foil membrane 186. The porous wall canbe sealed by heat or ultrasonic welding onto the inner edge 183. Inorder to leave a certain gap to let liquid travels to the recess, theinner edge 183 is slightly lower than the outer rim 84 onto which issealed the outer membrane 186.

The porous wall 180 can have openings (i.e., pores) along its wholesurface or along a peripheral portion of wall only. FIG. 41 shows aportion of the wall 187 of wall 180, which normally have the openingswhereas the central portion 188 is free of openings.

In another slightly different embodiment, the two portions 187, 188 ofwall 180, both have openings or pores.

The pressure of the release liquid is dependent on various factors, inparticular, the rotating speed of the capsule in the device, the radiusat the peripheral portion of wall 187 (specially, determining therelative centrifugal force “g” at the portion 187) and the size of theopenings. The size of the openings is preferably comprised between 1 and600 microns. More preferably, the size of the openings is comprisedbetween 10 and 200 microns forming a flow restriction means whichcreates a certain drop of pressure during the centrifugation of thecapsule along its central axis. The overall surface area of the pores ofthe porous wall should be lower than 50% of the total surface area ofsaid wall, most preferably lower than 40%.

The capsule of FIGS. 41 and 42 can be pierced in its center 189 forinjecting water in the enclosure 182 containing the substance. As aresult both the outer foil 186 and the inner wall 180 are pierced. Thecapsule is inserted in a device as described before. The capsule isdriven in centrifugal rotation at a determined speed, e.g., between 1000and 16000 rpm, more preferably between 5000 and 12000 rpm. The brewingor dissolution process takes place in the enclosure by water traversingthe substance. As a result of the centrifugal effect, the food liquidtraverses the porous portion of wall 187, (eventually also part of theportion 188 if porous) and leaves the enclosure via the interspace 185then via the annular recess 181. The liquid is allowed to leave thecapsule via pierced holes made in the foil above the recess 181.

FIG. 43 shows a similar capsule but with the inner porous wall 180comprising a central portion 1880 which can be sealed to the externalgastight foil 186 and a peripheral portion 1870 which is distant fromthe foil 186 while leaving a small space for the filtered liquid to flowtoward recess 181. In this example, the peripheral portion 1870comprises the outlet openings of the enclosure. The central portion 1880may have openings or may be free of openings. In this embodiment, noliquid is allowed to go between the outer foil 186 and the inner portionof wall 1880 since both are sealed together. In a variant, a connectionmember can be inserted between these parts 1880, 186.

If a sufficient pressure drop is created at the portions of wall 1870 inthe capsule, the device may not necessarily be provided with anadditional flow restriction means such as the valve describedpreviously. In this case, the flow restriction means in the capsule maysuffice to maintain a sufficient pressure in the enclosure. Therefore, agood interaction between the substance, e.g., ground coffee, and watercan be obtained by delaying the release of the liquid through theopenings.

However, the external valve is generally preferred to better control thepressure and flow rate of the released liquid. For example, goodespresso-type coffee with crema can be produced with a capsulecomprising a woven polymer membrane comprising pores within a range ofbetween 10 to 200 microns.

It can be noted that the peripheral portion of the capsule comprisingthe restriction means, e.g., openings, can be substantially orientedperpendicularly to the axis of rotation as in the examples of FIGS. 41to 43 or inclined relative to said axis as in the example of FIGS. 26 to31.

In FIG. 44, another embodiment of the capsule is illustrated in whichthe upper sealing membrane 103 has been partially removed for clarity.The capsule comprises an upper wall formed by the foil 103, a bottomwall 106 and a sidewall 107 formed by a dished body 102. An internal lid1810 is also provided to demarcate an internal enclosure with the body102 and secure a filter part in the capsule. The lid 1810 comprises anapertured cylindrical peripheral portion 1820 extending from atransversal dish 1830. The cylindrical portion 1820 extendssubstantially across the whole thickness T of the enclosure to separatethe cavity 182 containing the substance from a collecting recess 1160thus demarcated by the body 102 and said portion 1820. The cylindricalportion of wall 1820 comprises a series of elongated slots 1180distributed at intervals through the portion of wall. The slots areplaced vertically but other orientations are possible such as horizontalor inclined orientations. The slots may also be replaced partly ortotally by circular openings. The portion could also have largeropenings closed by a filter or microfilter membrane, e.g., of paper,woven or non-woven polymer. The upper dish 1810 can extend by a supportring 1840 which engages on the upper inner side of the cup-shaped body102. The ring enables the lid to be correctly placed in the capsule andto be fixed in the capsule during handling and transport. A largeannular recess 1850 is maintained between the dish 1810 and its ring1840 as the outer edge of the dish 1810 ends before the upper edge ofthe ring. The recess 1850 is thus closed by the membrane 103 thusdelimiting an outlet region 187 intended to be pierced by externalpiercing means of the beverage preparation device. The outlet regionextends continuously at the periphery of the capsule in an annularshape. Therefore, piercing can be carried out at any annular location ofthe region 187 regardless of the particular angular orientation of thecapsule in the device. One may also contemplate to perform as manypierced outlets as necessary since this region 187 is continuouslyperforable at the periphery of the capsule. Connecting parts 1860 arealso distributed at the periphery of the dish to connect the dish 1810to the ring 1840. It can also be noted that a second dedicatedperforable region 1890 of the upper wall 103 can be provided for theintroduction of the water injection means. For this, the dish 1810 has acentral hole or a breakable part so that when a rigid injector isintroduced, this membrane can be readily perforated. Hence, theconstruction of the capsule is particularly simple and cost effectivesince the lid can be produced in one single moulded plastic part.

FIGS. 45 to 50 are other variants of capsules according to theinvention.

For example, the capsule of FIG. 45 has a cylindrical side wall 700, anupper wall 701 and a lower wall 702 both sealed or connected to the sidewall 700. The capsule is gastight by choosing materials for the walls,e.g., aluminium and/or suitable plastics, which have gas barrierproperties. The upper walls and lower walls can be flexible or rigiddepending on said materials. For example, wall 701 can be a flexiblesealing membrane welded on upper rim 703 of the body 705 forming thesidewall 700 and lower wall 702. The side wall 700 may comprise outlets704, 706 for release of the liquid when centrifuged in the beveragepreparation device around central axis AA of the capsule. Optionally,the capsule may comprise a filter part 708 delimiting the cavity 709 forthe substance and a collecting recess 710 peripherally placed relativeto the central cavity. The filter part may, for instance, be an integralpart of the body 705 or a part which is added in the capsule, e.g., afilter cylinder. The centrifuged liquid passed through the cylindricalwall 700 in outlets 704, 706 positioned, for example, at about themedian transversal plane of the capsule. A series of outlets can bedistributed at intervals around the side wall 700. The outlets may bealready pre-made in the wall 700 and covered by a gastight sealingmembrane 711. The sealing membrane can be a flexible band surroundingthe wall which can be pierced at the outlets, cut or removed, e.g.,peeled off, by the user for uncovering the outlets before it is insertedin the centrifugal brewing device. The size of the outlets can be smallenough to provide a flow restriction to the liquid.

The capsule of FIG. 46 is another possible embodiment. The capsule isformed of an upper wall 800, a lower wall 801 and a sidewall 802connecting the upper and lower walls wherein the side wall is formed oftwo truncated portions 803, 804 with their larger section or base beingconnected towards the transversal median plane P of the capsule. Hence,the assembly formed by the two truncated portions form a vertex 805 atwhich outlets 806 for the beverage can be provided. In addition, afilter part 807 can be provided in the capsule which also delimits acavity 808 for receiving the substance and a collecting recess 809 forthe centrifuged liquid. As a matter of specific construction, the filterpart can be, for instance a rigid tubular member which is insertedbetween two-half shelves 850, 851 forming the walls 800, 801, 802. Theshelves 850, 851 can be made of moulded plastic. The filter part can bemade of moulded plastic or of a more complex structure such as acombination of a plastic support frame and a porous filter membrane. Theoutlets 806 can be formed at the interface of the shelves by smallradial channels formed in each shelf for instance. The channels can bedistributed at angular intervals at the periphery in the sealing rims852, 853 of the shelves. Hence, the outlets are formed by aligning thechannels of each shelves and, e.g., by heat or ultrasonic sealing oradhesive bonding of the shelves 850, 851 at the rims 852, 853. Forinstance, 4 to 10 outlets could be provided of a section of about 1-10mm² each. In order to maintain the enclosure of the capsule protectedagainst the external atmosphere till the use of the capsule, the outletscan be closed by a sealing protective membrane 854, e.g., forming a bandsurrounding the vertex area or rims 852, 853 of the shelves. Themembrane can be removed, pierced or cut just before the centrifugationoperation in the device either by the user or by the device itself.

Of course, the capsule could have other shapes without departing fromthe scope of the invention. For instance, the sidewall could be designedstepwise, i.e., with gradually increasing steps in direction of thetransversal median plane (not illustrated).

According to FIGS. 47 to 50, the capsule according to this embodiment,comprises an upper wall 900, a lower wall 901 and a sidewall 902connecting the upper and lower walls, preferably along a peripheralsealing edge 903. The sealing edge is designed to open as a result ofthe pressure of liquid which applies against it. Upon opening asillustrated in FIG. 48, one or more outlets 904 are formed. The size ofthe outlets during opening may be controlled by rim's engaging surfaces905, 906 of the beverage preparation device or alternatively by a rigidflow control member as a part of the capsule itself (not illustrated).As shown in FIGS. 48 and 49, the sealing edge opens in two plies 907,908 which abut against the engaging surfaces 905, 906 under the effectof the liquid exiting the capsule. The design of the surfaces 905, 906will determine the form of the outlets. For instance, flat continuoussurfaces 905, 906 over the whole perimeter of the rim and distanced froma controlled gap will provide a continuous outlet for distributing a360-degree liquid jet toward the impact wall of the beverage productiondevice. On the contrary, at least one of the engaging surfaces 905, 906may be provided with discrete radially oriented channels 915 ofcontrolled depth enabling to form discrete liquid outlets of controlledsize at the flange like rim of the capsule.

The surfaces 905, 906 could be fixed or spring biased to control thedegree of opening of the outlets as a function of the rotational speed.The capsule according to this embodiment can be made of rigid orflexible shelves 910, 911 which are sealed at said 90 in a breakable oropenable manner to form the outlets. For instance, the two shelves 910,911 can be gastight flexible foils made of polymer with or without analuminium layer or an EVOH barrier layer. A filter part 912 can beinserted in the capsule to delimit the enclosure for the substance 913and the collecting recess 914. For instance, the filter part can be aporous tubular member which can form a support ring for maintaining theupper and lower walls of the shelves at distance.

In any of the described modes, the flow restriction can be obtained orcomplemented by chicanes in the capsule and/or in the device or asimilar structure forming a tortuous flow path for the liquid.

It can be noted that the pressure drop of the restriction means can bemeasured by a pressure measurement test consisting of filling waterunder pressure in the capsule and measuring the pressure of water at theinjection point at which liquid is allowed to pass the restrictionmeans, i.e., the valve system.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the invention provides for acapsule system for preparing beverages by centrifugation of a capsule ina centrifuging brewing device comprising:

a set of different capsules; each one for selectively delivering abeverage having specific characteristics that differ from the othercapsules of the set; each capsule of the set comprising a body with asidewall and a free rim, an upper wall and an extractable or infusibleingredient; and an insertion diameter (D) of the body of the capsule forinsertion in a capsule holder of the brewing device in a referentialposition,

wherein the different capsules in the set having bodies of differentstorage volumes obtained by a variable depth of the body in the set butthe same insertion diameter (D) for all capsules of the set.

Such a configuration of capsules enables to deliver a wider range ofbeverages, e.g., ristretto, espresso and lungo coffees (or even largercoffee volumes) in a more convenient manner. In particular, thecapsules' geometrical configuration enables to accommodate in a samebrewing device capsules of different volumes without requiring specificadaptations of the device.

In a mode, the different capsules in the set have at least one upperbody portion having substantially the same angle or the same steppedprofile in the set.

The upper body portion can be, for instance, a truncated or cylindricalportion. In mode, the body comprises a lower portion of variable lengthwhereas the upper portion can be of constant length for all capsules inthe set. The lower portion can be convex, flat or concave.

In another mode, different capsules of the set have a body that isconvex along its entire surface and has a variable depth in the set. Inthis mode, the upper and lower portions of the body are not distinctportions but merge together in single convex portion.

Preferably, the amount of infusible or extractable ingredient increasesas a function of the storage volume (i.e., depth) of the body increasingin the set. As a result, each capsule in the set can deliver beveragesof different volumes and with different characteristics, e.g., taste,strength, foam or crema, colour, etc.

In particular, the different capsules contain roast and ground coffeehaving different roasting and/or grinding characteristics in the set.The capsules can be adapted for delivering different coffees such asristretto, espresso, lungo, etc., or coffees of the same type butdifferent characteristics, e.g., different taste or crema.

The capsule system further comprises an identification means associatedto the different capsules in the set for identifying each capsule andadjusting brewing parameters accordingly. The adjustable parameters canbe the rotational speed, the back-pressure at the outlet of the capsule,and/or the volume of liquid fed in the capsule. The identification meansparticipates to deliver a wider range of beverages having differentiatedcharacteristics (volume, taste, strength, crema, colour, etc.). Theidentification means are associated to control means placed in thecentrifugal brewing device which controls the adjustment of the saidparameters, by controlling the rotational motor driving the capsuleholder or/and the pump supplying liquid in the capsule.

In another feature of the invention, the brewing device comprises arotary capsule holder with a support surface arranged for supporting aportion of the body of the capsules in the set; said portion of sidewallcomprising a referencing diameter matching the insertion diameter of thecapsules. For this, the support surface of the capsule holder thuscomprises a referencing diameter that corresponds to the insertiondiameter of the capsules in the set in order to maintain any capsule ofthe set in the same position of reference. This same position can bedetermined, e.g., by a position of reference of the free rim of the bodyof the capsule along a reference plane (P) before closure of the brewingunit. Furthermore, the support surface of the capsule holder holds anupper portion of the body of the different capsules in the set whereasproviding no support for a lower portion of the body of the capsules.

As a result, the risk of producing vibrations during centrifugation isreduced because all the capsules of the set are snugly fitted in thedevice with limited possible relative movement between each capsule andthe device during rotation, i.e., capsule holder.

The invention also relates to a capsule for preparing a beverage bycentrifugation in the rotary capsule holder of a centrifuging brewingdevice comprising a body with a sidewall and a free rim, an upper walland an extractable or infusible ingredient; and an insertion diameter(D) on the body of the capsule, such insertion diameter (D) beingpositioned at a certain distance below the free rim of the body formatching a referencing diameter of the support surface of the rotarycapsule holder and providing a self-blocking of the capsule wheninserted in the capsule holder.

Preferably, the capsule comprises an upper portion extending from saiddiameter (D) that has an angle (α) slightly lower than the angle (β) ofthe support surface of the capsule holder.

The angle (α) of the upper portion is preferably 1 to 8 degrees, mostpreferably 1 to 5 degrees, lower than the angle (β) of the supportportion of the capsule holder. Such configuration enables to form aself-blocking function of the capsule in the capsule holder when theclosing force is applied onto the rim of the capsule and it consequentlyreduces the risk of vibrations during the centrifugal process.

By convention, the “angle” refers here to the angle that the saidsurfaces form, in the axial direction of the capsule, with respect tothe central axis of the body of the capsule, corresponding to the axisof rotation. It should be noted that the measured surfaces could not bepurely rectilinear but could have a slight line of curvature withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention.

Furthermore, in addition to snugly supporting all the capsules foravoiding vibrations, the capsule holder can be hollow at its centre tobe able to accommodate all capsules of the set. In another mode, thecapsule holder could have a bottom wall which is deep enough to receivethe longer (i.e., deeper) capsule of the set. The advantage isessentially that a unique capsule holder is sufficient to receive allthe capsules of the set.

The present invention further relates to a system for brewing a beverageusing a capsule which is centrifuged in a centrifugal brewing devicecomprising:

a set of capsules having different volumes,

identification means corresponding to different capsules of the set,

a centrifugal brewing device comprising control means capable ofoperating the device in centrifugation for any capsule of the setaccording to predetermined brewing parameters including: the flow rateand/or the volume of injected liquid in the capsule.

In particular, the flow rate is controlled by varying the rotationalspeed and/or the back-pressure exerted on the centrifuged liquid by flowrestriction means of the device and/or capsule.

For instance, for coffee beverages, the flow rate can be varied from 0.2mL/s to 10 mL/s thereby providing a large diversity of coffeecharacteristics.

The flow rate is preferably controlled as a function of the volume ofthe capsule.

The control can also be obtained by passive means such as anidentifiable shape or opening characteristic of the capsule of thecapsule which alters the back-pressure of the flow restriction means.For instance, capsules of different volumes in the set can be givendifferent outlet cross-sections thereby providing differentback-pressure values exerted on the centrifuged liquid.

Preferably, the system of the invention contemplates the adjustment bythe control means of the volume of injected liquid and the rotationalspeed and, optionally the back-pressure by selective flow restrictionmeans.

The identification means can be sensed by sensing means connected to thecontrol means for an active control of the parameters or can be passiveidentification means, e.g., selective flow restriction means.

In particular, the identification means comprises capsule recognitionmeans which are recognized by the sensing means connected to the controlmeans of the brewing device which controls the brewing parametersaccordingly.

The recognition means can be differentiable by a visual code such as abarcode, a colour, a sign, a logo, etc., or by a radio-frequency code(RFID), a magnetic element or by an identifiable shape.

The invention further relates to a method for brewing a beverage using acapsule which is centrifuged in a centrifugal brewing device comprising:

providing a set of capsules having different volumes,

selecting a capsule amongst the set of capsules and centrifuging saidcapsule in the brewing device for brewing a beverage,

wherein the flow rate and/or the volume of injected liquid are adjustedas function of the selected volume of the capsule.

The method contemplates the adjustment of the flow rate by way ofadjusting the rotational speed and/or the back-pressure exerted on thecentrifuged liquid.

In an alternative, the identification means can be formed as selectionmeans of a user interface.

The capsule system of the present invention as illustrated in FIGS. 51to 55 comprises a set of capsules 1A, 1B of different volumes but a sameinsertion diameter “D”. The capsule of FIG. 51 shows a small volumecapsule 1A whereas the capsule of FIG. 52 shows a larger volume capsule1B. The two capsules comprise a body 202 having a cup shape with a freerim 203 extending outwardly and a top upper wall 204. The upper wall isconnected to the free rim of the body by a seal such as a heat orultrasonic weld line. The upper wall can be a perforable membrane, aporous wall or a combinations thereof. The capsules comprise a centralaxis “I” which represents the axis of rotation during centrifugation ofthe capsule in the brewing device (FIG. 53).

The volume difference between the small and large capsules is obtainedparticularly by varying the depth (d1, d2) of the body of the capsulesin the set. In particular, the depth of the body of the smaller capsule1A is lower than the depth of the body of the larger capsule 1B. In thepresent example, a single body portion of truncated form is providedwhich starts from the insertion diameter D and extends toward the bottom206 of the capsule. The body portion of capsules 1A and 1B is identicaland forms a same angle “A′”. The angle can vary from 1 to 55 degreesrelative to the central axis I. The insertion diameter “D” is heredetermined at the line of intersection between the lower surface of thefree rim 203 and the upper portion of the body.

The small volume capsule contains an amount of extraction and infusioningredient, e.g., ground coffee, smaller than the amount for the largevolume capsule. The small capsule 1A is intended for delivery of a shortcoffee of between 25 mL and 60 mL with an amount of ground coffeecomprised between 5 and 15 grams. The larger capsule 1B is intended fordelivery of a longer coffee, i.e., above 60 mL (e.g., between 80 and 500mL) and contains an amount of ground coffee comprised between 8 and 30grams.

The capsules 1A, 1B are indented to be inserted in the centrifugebrewing device 207 (FIGS. 54 and 55). As illustrated in FIG. 54, thedevice comprises a brewing unit 800 fed with heated liquid, preferablyhot water, by a fluid circuit 209 comprising a heater 210, a pump 211for metering liquid in the capsule and a liquid supply, e.g., a waterreservoir 212. The brewing unit comprises an interface assembly 213, acapsule holder 214 and a collector 215. A peripheral outlet 29, forminga flow restriction for the centrifuged liquid, is provided, at theperiphery of the capsule, e.g., between the interface assembly 213 andthe capsule holder or capsule 206. A flow restriction can be formed by aspring-biased valve situated at and acting on the rim of the capsule asdescribed above. Part of the valve can be formed by the capsule itselfas described in co-pending European patent No. 08171069.1. Such flowrestrictions provide a back-pressure on the centrifuged liquid. Thecollector terminates by a beverage outlet 216 such as formed as an openduct directed to the cup. The capsule holder 214 is designed withportion 224 forming a support surface 218 that is complementary shapedto the upper body portion of the capsules 1A, 1B.

In particular, the capsule holder has a referencing annular line 219 atits upper opening that forms a referencing diameter substantially equalto diameter “D” so as to ensure a snug fit of the capsule in the capsuleholder without possible radial play that could provide an unbalance and,consequently, vibrations during centrifugation. The capsule also liessolidly on its upper rim onto the upper flange of the holder without thebody substantially deforming radially. In this configuration, thebrewing unit is closed onto the upper wall of the capsule by theinterface assembly 213. The assembly 213 comprises a central injectionneedle 200 capable of being introduced precisely along the axis ofrotation I of the capsule. At its periphery the interface assembly 213can comprise a series of outlet perforators 221 for allowing centrifugedbeverage to leave the capsule through the peripheral outlet 229 betweenthe capsule holder 214 and the interface assembly 213. A device withoutoutlet perforators can be envisaged when the capsules have a permeableupper wall. Similarly, the injection needle can be omitted and replacedby a simple injection hole if the upper wall is also permeable.Preferably, the outlet 229 forms a flow restriction provided in the flowpath of the beverage to provide a gradient of pressure in the capsule.Such restriction can be obtained by small orifices or a restrictionvalve such as described in above.

As illustrated in FIGS. 54 and 55, the capsule holder can be hollow atits centre to allow different volumes, i.e., variable depths, of capsuleto be inserted in. The capsule holder can also have a closed or apartially closed bottom. In this case, the depth of the capsule holderis at least equal to the depth of the larger (i.e., deeper) capsule inthe set, e.g., capsule 1B.

The extraction of the beverage out of the capsules 1A or 1B is obtainedby driving the interface assembly 213 and capsule holder 214 togetherwith the capsule, in rotation (R) along axis I, at relatively highspeed, e.g., between 500 and 15000 rpm. The rotation is driven by arotational motor (not shown). Liquid is forced to traverse theingredient and leave the capsule at the upper periphery of the capsule,i.e., by outlet perforations provided in the upper wall by perforators221. Since many perforators are placed evenly at the periphery of theupper wall, liquid can also exit by making a laminar flow of beveragedispersed radially along the whole periphery of the upper wall. Thecentrifuged liquid is projected between the rim of the capsule and theupper surface of the interface assembly 213 against the collector 215.The liquid beverage is then collected and dispensed through the duct216.

FIGS. 56 and 57 show a second embodiment for another set of capsules inwhich the capsules 1C, 1D comprise an upper portion 260 and a lowerportion 220 of body forming an extension for varying the depth d1, d2 ofthe capsule. The upper portion 260 forms a truncated portion comprisingthe same insertion diameter D necessary for referencing the capsule inthe capsule holder and a constant angle. The lower portion can have ashape different from a truncated shape and can be, as shown, a convexportion. In the larger volume capsule 1D, the depth d2 of the capsule isincreased by a longer (i.e., deeper) lower portion 220. In the smallervolume capsule 1C, the depth d1 of the capsule is reduced by a shorterlower portion 220.

FIGS. 58, 59 and 60 show a third embodiment for another set of capsulesaccording to the invention in which the body has a single convex portion23 a, 23 b, 23 c of variable depth, respectively, d1, d2, d3. Theportion can be continuously convex for certain capsules of the set(e.g., capsules 1E, 1F) with no zone of truncated or cylindricalportion. The larger capsule 1G may comprise an upper portion oftruncated or cylindrical portion.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 61 and 62, the capsule holder 214 of thebrewing device comprises a first portion 224 forming the support surface218 for the upper portion 260 of the capsules and a lower portion 225forming a closing surface below the capsule of sufficient length toaccommodate both the smaller capsule 1H (FIG. 61) and the larger capsule1I (FIG. 62).

In this embodiment, the smaller and larger capsules 1H, 1I may comprisean upper portion 260, e.g., of same angle. The length of the upperportion 260 may be the same or may also slightly vary provided that itis sufficient to match the surface 218 of the capsule holder. The largercapsule 1I may comprise a lower portion 227 forming the extensionportion which may be shaped with a different angle, e.g., a trunk ofcone or a cylinder of smaller diameter than the insertion diameter “D”(FIG. 62).

Of course the number of capsules of variable depth is not limited in theset in all the described embodiments.

Of course, in all the embodiments, the truncated portion can be replacedby a succession of stepped portions or another equivalentarbitrary/ornamental shape forming a reduction of diameter in directionof the bottom of the capsule which is equivalent to a continuoustruncated surface.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 63 and 64, contrary to the previousembodiment, the capsules of the set are reference-able in the capsuleholder with an insertion diameter D which is positioned at a distancebelow the rim of the capsule on the upper portion of the body sidewall.The insertion diameter D is constant to all capsules in the set.Capsules of different volumes 1J, 1K and 1L are illustrated in positionin the capsule holder before closure of the brewing unit (Smallercapsule 1J and deeper capsule 1L are represented in dotted lines onlyand medium-volume capsule 1K is represented in solid lines). As it canbe noticed, all the capsules are maintained at their insertion diameterD along a constant referencing position. More particularly, all thecapsules of the set have their upper rim 203 coming along a commonreferencing plane P. On the contrary, the introduction depth (d1, d2,d3) of the body varies in the capsule holder 214 to adapt the volumeaccordingly.

In this mode, it is advantageous to design the upper portion such thatits inclination angle α is slightly lower than the angle β of thesupport surface 218. The angle is measured relative to the axis ofrotation I of the capsule or a parallel axis I₁ to this axis asillustrated in FIG. 64. As a result, all capsules of the set areself-blocking in the capsule holder when introduced. Therefore, when thecapsule is pressed by the interface assembly 213 during closure of thebrewing unit at the rim 203, the body slightly deforms to take its finalrotational configuration whereas all the plays are properly compensated.The angle α is preferably 1 to 5 degrees lower than the angle β of thesupport portion of the capsule holder.

The capsules in the set according to the invention contain roast andground coffee having preferably different roasting and/or grindingcharacteristics in the set.

The coffee beans are generally roasted to form roasted coffee beans andthen ground to produce roast and ground coffee powder that is filled inthe capsules. Any suitable process comprising roasting can be used.Suitable roasting techniques can include, but are not limited to, ovenroasting, extrusion roasting, steam roasting (e.g., with no postroasting), infrared roasting, microwave roasting, di-electric/inductionheating roasting, and combinations thereof.

The coffee beans can be roasted to any desired roast colour. The roastedcoffee beans can then be ground using any coffee grinder (e.g., Probator Matsubo grinders). Depending upon the specific particle sizedistribution desired in the final product of the present invention, thecoffee fractions can be ground to the particle volume distributions or“grind volumes”. For determining the granulometry of coffee, theparticle size distribution (D_(4,3)) and fines level are typicallydetermined by laser diffraction using a “Mastersizer S” instrument fromMalvern®.

The system of the invention advantageously comprises an identificationmeans ID1, ID2, ID3 (FIGS. 54 and 55) or ID4, ID5 (FIGS. 61 and 62)associable to each capsule to ensure control of the brewing parameters,in particular, the flow rate and the volume of injected liquid in thecapsule, as a function of the volume of the capsule and/or the productcharacteristics of the capsule (granulometry, roasting, etc.) and/or thebeverage to be delivered (ristretto, espresso, lungo, etc.). The systemof the invention is capable of delivering different flow rates which areinfluenced by two key parameters: the rotational speed of the capsule inthe device and the back-pressure exerted on the centrifuged liquid. Fora given back-pressure, the higher the rotational speed, the larger theflow. Conversely, for a given rotational speed, the larger theback-pressure, the smaller the flow. The back-pressure can be varied byvarying the closing force of a flow restriction valve placed downstreamof the enclosure of the capsule and/or by varying the cross-section ofthe restriction outlets, such as described in co-pending patentapplication WO 2009/106175.

As known per se, the control of the rotational speed is carried out bythe control means selectively activating the rotational motor (notshown) which drives part of the interface assembly 213, the capsuleholder 214 and the capsule together in rotation. The control of thevolume of liquid injected in the capsule is carried out by the controlmeans selectively activating the pump 211 to meter the proper volume ofliquid.

In particular, the identification means can set different volumes ofinjected liquid for delivering different beverage volumes and/or set therotational speed of the device. In particular, for the larger capsulesin the set, the identification means can set larger liquid volumes thanfor smaller capsules. Also, the identification means can also setdifferent rotational speeds for smaller capsules than for largercapsules in order to provide different residence time of liquid in thecapsule or provide different flow characteristics in the set ofcapsules. Finally, the identification means may also set differentback-pressure values in the capsule or at the outlet 229 where the flowrestriction is positioned. Preferably, the volume of injected liquid,the rotational speed and the back-pressure in the capsule areadjustable/adjusted by the control means (C) as a function of thevolume. In addition, the temperature of the injected liquid can bevaried as a function of the volume of the capsule, by the control meansselectively activating the liquid heater 210. For instance, thetemperature of the liquid can be heated at a higher temperature forcompensating the temperature losses of the liquid in larger volumes.

As illustrated in FIGS. 54 and 55, the identification means can beformed as selection means ID1, ID2, ID3 of a user interface 230. Theselection means can be physical switches or any other sort of selectorssuch as a multi-choice interface of a touch screen. Each selectorcorresponds to a certain type of beverage to be delivered, e.g., aparticular coffee type such as ristretto, espresso, lungo, etc., aparticular volume of beverage (e.g., 25, 40, 80, 110, 250 mL, etc.)and/or a particular selection of aroma strength and/or level offoam/crema. The user interface being connected to the control means C,the brewing parameters are adjusted according to the selection made bythe user of the selection means for operating the centrifugal brewingdevice.

In an alternative illustrated in FIGS. 61 and 62, the identificationmeans are directly associated to the different capsules. In this case,the identification means ID4, ID5 are capsule recognition means attachedto or embedded in the capsules. The recognition means can be anymechanical, optical, magnetic or radio-frequency recognition meanscapable of delivering information to the brewing device, via a sensingdevice 231, as to which type of capsule is inserted in the device. Forexample, the recognition means is a barcode, a colour code, a RFID tag,a magnetically sensitive element, or a mechanical key or shape.

The main benefit of controlling the adjustment of these differentparameters is essentially linked to the possibility to provide a widevariety of beverages, in particular coffees, of different volumes (e.g.,ristretto, espresso, lungo, americano, etc.), aroma strength andfoam/crema volume. The possibilities offered by the invention exceed thetraditional brewing methods where these parameters cannot be adjustedall together properly.

The system and method of the invention also provide remarkable brewingresults with solid contents which are higher than usual methods anddevices. The results are very reproducible from capsule to capsule.Surprisingly, crema is also remarkably improved with a creamier, morestable and thicker texture.

Of course, the invention may encompass many variants which are includedin the scope of the patent claims that follow.

Example

The preceding disclosure is exemplified by the following preferredembodiment.

A capsule according to the embodiment of FIGS. 26 to 31 was filled with6.5 grams of ground coffee. The coffee was ground at an average particlesize (D_(4,3)) of 260 microns. A prewetting of the capsule was carriedout for a few seconds. During centrifugation at about 8000 rpm, the flowrate was controlled at about 2 grams per second. A volume of 40 grams ofcoffee extract was delivered in an espresso cup. The liquid extract hada total solids (TC) of about 4%, a yield of about 25%. The layer ofcrema at the top was of about 5-6 mm. The foam looked very dense withvery fine bubbles and was very stable over time.

What is claimed is:
 1. A capsule for preparing and delivering a liquidfood comprising: an enclosure containing one or more extractable orinfusible ingredients and configured and dimensioned to have a perimeterthat is radially symmetrical about a central axis to facilitate rotationof the capsule, wherein liquid can be introduced into the capsule toform the liquid food while applying centrifugal forces to the capsule tourge the liquid to pass through the ingredient(s); and opening means oran opening arrangement for allowing liquid food to leave the capsuleafter passing through the ingredient(s), wherein the opening means orarrangement is configured and positioned near or upon the perimeter ofthe enclosure to allow the liquid food to leave the capsule radially dueto the application of the centrifugal forces.
 2. The capsule of claim 1wherein the enclosure includes a top, bottom and side wall and theopening means or arrangement comprises one or more outlet openingslocated in the top or the side wall near or upon the perimeter of theenclosure, with the opening(s) either being (a) initially present in theenclosure along with a gas-tight covering or (b) formed by centrifugalforces during preparation of the liquid food after injection of theliquid into the capsule by movement of the liquid food to exert aflexure on at least one deflectable portion of the capsule, with thedeflectable portion including an elastic lip acting in closure on theside wall of the capsule or inserted in a peripheral cavity of theenclosure.
 3. The capsule of claim 1 wherein the enclosure has a flareddesign with a widening side wall located between top and bottom walls,and an outer surface or structure for engaging external rotationaldriving means of a centrifugal device with the outer surface orstructure configured to offer resistance to torque during rotation ofthe capsule or for frictionally engaging or receiving a complementarysurface or structure of the driving means to enable the driving means torotate the capsule, and the opening means or arrangement comprises aseries of spaced radial outlets positioned or created at or close to thelargest perimeter of the flared design of the enclosure.
 4. The capsuleof claim 1 wherein the enclosure has a flared design with a wideningside wall located between top and bottom walls and with capsule furthercomprising a collecting cavity for receiving the prepared liquid foodwith the cavity positioned adjacent to the largest perimeter of theflared design of the enclosure, and a filter part separating theextractable or infusible ingredient(s) and the collecting cavity foodwith the filter part optionally spaced from the top wall by a gap. 5.The capsule of claim 1, which further comprises an injection tubularportion having a water inlet on a top surface of the capsule and a wateroutlet communicating internally in the capsule, wherein the water outletis close to or in contact with the bottom of the capsule.
 6. The capsuleof claim 1, wherein the extractable or infusible ingredient(s) isprovided in the form of particles, the opening means or arrangementcomprises a porous material or a series of slits slots or holesdistributed substantially evenly around the enclosure with the porousmaterial, slits, slots or holes having open dimensions that are smallerthan the particles of the extractable or infusible ingredient(s) and thecapsule further comprises a sealing membrane or foil covering theopening means or arrangement to make the capsule gas-tight before usewith the sealing membrane or foil being peelable or puncturable by apiercing member for injecting liquid into the capsule.
 7. The capsule ofclaim 1, wherein the enclosure is comprises at least one peripheralrecess that forms a collector for liquid food passing through theopening means or arrangement, wherein the collecting recess extendsaround the perimeter of the enclosure at its greatest circumference. 8.The capsule of claim 1 wherein the opening means or arrangement includesflow restriction means comprising outlet openings of less than 200microns for providing a pressure drop of at least 0.5 to 6 bar ofrelative pressure during the centrifugal rotation of the capsule toenable the liquid to have a higher residence time in contact with theextractable or infusible ingredient(s) in the capsule.
 9. The capsule ofclaim 1, wherein the enclosure is thermoformed of a food grade plasticand includes a top wall or lid that includes at least one inlet portdefining a passage for receiving a liquid that is to be introduced intothe capsule, with the inlet port aligned with the central axis of thecapsule, wherein the liquid to be injected into the capsule is water andwherein the extractable or infusible ingredient(s) is ground coffee,soluble coffee, a dairy based powder, a dairy or non-dairy creamer,cocoa, a sweetener, leaf tea, herbal tea, a culinary powder, a solubleor dispersible nutritional composition, a liquid food concentrate orcombinations thereof.
 10. A device for preparing a liquid food from acapsule containing one or more extractable or infusible ingredients,comprising: means for receiving a capsule according to claim 1; meansfor introducing a liquid into the capsule; and means for centrifugallyrotating the capsule about an axis of rotation; wherein the capsulereceiving means positions and references the capsule in a removablemanner in the device and in an operational relationship with the liquidintroducing means with the central axis of the capsule in alignment withthe axis of rotation of the centrifugal rotating means such that uponintroduction of the liquid, the centrifugal rotation of the capsuleurges the liquid to flow through the ingredient(s) in a radial orcentrifugal flow path to prepare the liquid food.
 11. The device ofclaim 10, wherein the liquid introducing means comprises at least oneneedle for injecting liquid into the capsule at or near its central axisand the receiving means comprises a capsule holder associated with thecentrifugal rotating means for allowing the capsule to be rotated aroundits central axis at a centrifugal speed of at least 500 rpm.
 12. Thedevice of claim 10, which further comprises means for piercing thecapsule to allow the liquid food to exit the capsule wherein the capsulepiercing means are radially positioned with respect to the axis ofrotation of the capsule in the device and comprises a series of needlespositioned in a circular pattern and arranged in relation to the capsuleto pierce radial holes in the capsule.
 13. The device of claim 10,further comprises a control unit adapted to vary the speed of thecentrifugal rotation means for rotating the capsule at at least twodifferent centrifugal speeds to provide different centrifugal pressuresof water in the capsule, wherein the liquid introducing means isoperatively associated with a pump and injection tube connected to areservoir for injection of the liquid into the capsule under the effectof rotational momentum, and the centrifugal rotating means comprises anelectrical motor and drive shaft operatively associated with the capsuleholder for rotating the capsule holder about the axis of rotation. 14.The device of claim 10, which further comprises a collector forcollecting the liquid food, the collector including a by-pass conduitarranged to add water into the collector without passing into thecapsule.
 15. The device of claim 10, which further comprises flowrestriction means arranged in the flow path of the liquid food forproviding a pressure drop of at least 0.5 to 6 bar of relative pressureduring the centrifugal rotation of the capsule to enable the liquid tohave a higher residence time in contact with the extractable orinfusible ingredient(s) in the capsule.
 16. The device of claim 15,wherein the flow restriction means comprises a valve which is arrangedin the flow path adjacent an outlet of the capsule, wherein the valvemakes, opens or enlarges a passage in response to increasing pressure ofcentrifuged liquid so that the liquid food can exit the capsule and thedevice through the passage.
 17. The device of claim 10, wherein thecapsule receiving means comprises a capsule holder having an interiorsurface or structure for engaging the capsule with the interior surfaceor structure configured to offer resistance to torque during rotation orfor frictionally engaging or receiving a complementary surface orstructure of the capsule to enable the driving means to rotate thecapsule.
 18. The device of claim 10 for use in preparing beverages froma plurality of different capsules, wherein the device further comprisesidentification means for identifying the different capsules, and controlmeans capable of operating the device in centrifugation for any of thedifferent capsules according to predetermined liquid food preparationparameters including the flow rate and the volume of liquid to beinjected into the capsule, with the identification means comprisingcapsule recognition means which are recognized by sensing meansconnected to the control means of the device to control the preparationparameters accordingly. A capsule for preparing and delivering a liquidfood comprising: an enclosure containing one or more extractable orinfusible ingredients and configured and dimensioned to have a perimeterthat is radially symmetrical about a central axis to facilitate rotationof the capsule, wherein liquid can be introduced into the capsule toform the liquid food while applying centrifugal forces to the capsule tourge the liquid to pass through the ingredient(s); and opening means oran opening arrangement for allowing liquid food to leave the capsuleafter passing through the ingredient(s), wherein the opening means orarrangement is configured and positioned near or upon the perimeter ofthe enclosure to allow the liquid food to leave the capsule radially dueto the application of the centrifugal forces.
 19. A capsule forpreparing and delivering a liquid food comprising: an enclosurecontaining one or more extractable or infusible ingredients andconfigured and dimensioned to have a perimeter that is radiallysymmetrical about a central axis to facilitate rotation of the capsule,wherein liquid can be introduced into the capsule to form the liquidfood while applying centrifugal forces to the capsule to urge the liquidto pass through the ingredient(s); and opening means or an openingarrangement for allowing liquid food to leave the capsule after passingthrough the ingredient(s), wherein the opening means or arrangement isconfigured and positioned near or upon the perimeter of the enclosure toallow the liquid food to leave the capsule radially due to theapplication of the centrifugal forces; wherein the capsule comprisesidentification means for cooperation with a device for preparing aliquid food from the capsule with the identification means comprisingmeans for adjusting liquid food preparation parameters.
 20. A device forpreparing a liquid food from a capsule containing one or moreextractable or infusible ingredients, comprising: means for receiving acapsule according to claim 19; means for introducing a liquid into thecapsule; and means for centrifugally rotating the capsule about an axisof rotation; wherein the capsule receiving means positions andreferences the capsule in a removable manner in the device and in anoperational relationship with the liquid introducing means with thecentral axis of the capsule in alignment with the axis of rotation ofthe centrifugal rotating means such that upon introduction of theliquid, wherein the liquid introducing means comprises at least oneneedle arranged for introduction through the capsule along its centralaxis and for injection of liquid into the capsule at or near its centralaxis; and wherein the capsule receiving means comprises a capsule holderassociated with the centrifugal rotating means for allowing the capsuleto be rotated around its central axis at a centrifugal speed of at least500 rpm to urge the liquid to flow through the ingredient(s) in a radialor centrifugal flow path to prepare the liquid food; and meansassociated with the capsule identification means for adjusting liquidfood preparation parameters before preparing the liquid food.